Friday, October 25, 2024

4586 - METEORITES AND ASTEROIDS - potential impacts

 

-  4586 -   METEORITES  AND  ASTEROIDS -  potential impacts.  -    Four "potentially hazardous" space rocks, which are between 100 and 580 feet across, will all make their closest approaches to Earth within less than 12 hours of one another on Thursday October 24, 2024. Two of them were only discovered earlier this month.


---------------------------   4586  -  METEORITES  AND  ASTEROIDS -  potential impacts

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-    A quartet of particularly hefty asteroids, including two that were discovered earlier this month and another that is as tall as a skyscraper, will make their closest approaches to Earth on Thursday, October 24,  all within 12 hours of one another. The "potentially hazardous" space rocks will all get similarly close to our planet, but pose zero threat to life on Earth.

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-   The first asteroid to make its closest approach will be “2015 HM1", the smallest of the four space rocks at around 100 feet across. It will reach its closest point to our planet at around 0:36 a.m. EDT when it reaches a minimum distance of 3.4 million miles from us.  That’s roughly   14 times the average distance between Earth and the moon.

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-    The next visitor will be the roughly 170-foot-wide space rock “2024 TP17”, which will make its closest approach at around 4:20 a.m. EDT and will get to within 2.9 million miles of our planet.

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-   The final two asteroids, “2002 NV16” and “2024 TR6”, will make their closest approaches within just four minutes of each other. 2002 NV16, which is around 580 feet across, making it the largest of the four, will reach a minimum distance of 2.8 million miles  at around 11:47 a.m. EDT.  It will be quickly followed by the 150-foot-wide asteroid 2024 TR6, which will come within 3.5 million miles of Earth at 11:51 a.m. EDT.

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-   The largest asteroid of the incoming quartet, 2002 NV16, will reach a minimum distance of 2.8 million miles from Earth, which is slightly closer than the other three space rocks will get to us.

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-   Two of the four asteroids, 2024 TR6 and 2024 TP17, were only recently discovered: the former was initially spotted on October 7, and the latter was first seen on October 12. That's not unusual; astronomers spot around 2,000 near-Earth asteroids every year, most of which are spotted as they near their closest approaches to Earth.

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-   The asteroids are all listed as potentially hazardous because their orbits around the sun bring them within 30 million miles of Earth. Most of them are not large enough to cause widespread damage if they ever hit the planet (which they won't). However, the largest of the incoming rocks, 2002 NV16, is large enough to wipe out a large city and cause planet-wide effects.

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-   The asteroids will not be visible from Earth. However, scientists may be able to capture radar images of the space rocks, which could help reveal more information about the newly discovered objects. Similar grainy images recently captured a bizarre snowman-shaped asteroid as it tumbled past Earth and revealed an unexpected trajectory change for a pyramid-size space rock.

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-   Some of the approaching asteroids will make even closer flybys of Earth over the next few decades: 2024 TR6 will return on August 5, 2039, when it will reach a minimum distance of 1.2 million miles from our planet; and 2024 TP17 will get to within 1.3 million miles of Earth on October 25, 2040.

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-   66 milllion years ago, Earth was struck by a city-size asteroid. The impact released the energy equivalent to the detonation of 72 trillion tons of TNT, carving a 100-mile-wide scar in what is now Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula.

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-   The most infamous effect of this asteroid, named the “Chicxulub impactor”, was the death of the nonavian dinosaurs along with around three-quarters of Earth's species in an event called the “Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction”.

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-    In an effort to prevent similarly catastrophic collisions, NASA's “Center for Near Earth Object Studies” (CNEOS) operates the Sentry impact-monitoring system, which continuously performs long-term analyses of possible future orbits of potentially hazardous asteroids. Here are the five asteroids that pose the greatest risk to Earth.

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-   1. Bennu.   Size: 0.30 mile.   Mass: 74 million tons.  Discovered in September, 1999 and officially designated "101955 Bennu (1999 RQ36)," the near-Earth asteroid Bennu currently poses the greatest risk of impacting our planet, but fortunately, not for some time. NASA scientists calculate that when Bennu makes a close approach to Earth on Septembr 24, 2182, there is a 0.037% — or 1 in 2,700 — chance that the asteroid will strike our planet.

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-    This carbon-rich asteroid is believed to have broken away from a larger asteroid between 2 billion and 700 million years ago. On September 24, 2023, NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft returned a sample of Bennu to Earth, and the space rock has been analyzed by teams of researchers across the globe.

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-    Early results suggest that Bennu contains the building blocks of life, including the simple amino acid glycine, as well as many water-bearing minerals. This suggests Bennu's parent body witnessed many water-related episodes before eventually fracturing.

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-    If Bennu impacted Earth, it would release the energy equivalent to the detonation of          1.4 billion tons of TNT, causing regional destruction but lacking the potential to cause global devastation. If it were to impact a densely populated area, Bennu could cause millions of deaths.

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-    2. “29075 (1950 DA)”   Size: 0.81 mile.   Mass: 78 million tons.  The second-riskiest object is the asteroid was lost after its initial discovery in February 1950 and rediscovered 50 years later. “1950 DA” is believed to be a loose-rubble-pile asteroid with high iron-nickel content. Currently, 1950 DA has a 0.0029% — or 1 in 34,500 — chance of impacting Earth on March 16, 2880.

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-   If 1950 DA were to hit Earth, it would release the energy equivalent to 75 billion tons of TNT.  This isenough to trigger a global catastrophe that could potentially wipe out humanity.

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-    3.   “2023 TL4    Size: 0.20 mile.   Mass: 47 million tons.  This asteroid was discovered in 2023.  It shows that a newfound space object can immediately become one of the most potentially hazardous asteroids. From observations collected between October 8 and Octo 19, 2023, astronomers calculated that 2023 TL4 has a 0.00055% — or 1 in 181,000 — chance of striking Earth on October 10, 2119. Should such an impact occur, 2023 TL4 would release the energy equivalent to the detonation of 7.5 billion tons of TNT.

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-    4. “2007 FT3”.   Size: 0.21 mile.   Mass: 54 million tons.   2007 FT3 is defined as a "lost asteroid" because astronomers haven't seen it since 2007. This object's orbit is currently not well constrained, but NASA predicts that the asteroid has a 0.0000096% — or 1 in 10 million — chance of striking our planet on March 3, 2030. The asteroid has a slightly lower probability of 0.0000087% — or 1 in 11.5 million — chance of striking Earth on October 5, 2024.

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-   Should such an impact happen in 2024 or 2030, FT3 would release the energy equivalent to the detonation of 2.6 billion tons of TNT.  That is enough to cause massive regional damage, but not to trigger a global catastrophe.

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-    5. “1979 XB”.   Size: 0.41 mile.  Mass: 390 million tons.   Another lost asteroid, 1979 XB, hasn't been seen for around 40 years and thus also has a poorly understood orbit. From what CNEOS scientists do understand, the asteroid, which was first observed on December 11, 1979, has a 0.000055% — or 1 in 1.8 million — chance of striking Earth on Dec. 14, 2113. Such a collision would release the same energy as the detonation of 30 billion tons of TNT.

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-  “99942 Apophis”  ESA Herschel Space Observatory captured asteroid Apophis in its field of view during the approach to Earth on January 5 and 6, 2013.nnSize: 0.21 mile.   Mass:            27 million tons.

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-    Discovered in June 2004, Apophis was quickly identified as one of the most hazardous asteroids that could impact Earth. But that changed in 2021, when a radar observation campaign better constrained the asteroid's orbit. This led astronomers to conclude that the 1,100-foot-wide Apophis poses no risk to Earth for at least 100 years.

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-   Skywatchers will be able to watch Apophis during its close approach in 2029 as it passes within 20,000 miles with binoculars and telescopes, without the fear that its returns in 2036 and 2068 will threaten the planet.

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-   The idea of an asteroid strike is frightening, but all of the space rocks on this list are listed as "zero," or "white," on the “Torino Impact Hazard scale”.  Level 0, the white zone, indicates zero risk of impact or at least a risk so low it might as well be zero. This level applies not only to asteroids that will miss Earth but also to small objects from space that will burn up in the atmosphere and thus pose no threat.

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-   Levels 8 to 10, on the other hand, are in the red zone, representing asteroids that will certainly collide with Earth, with effects ranging from localized destruction (Level 8) and unprecedented regional devastation (Level 9) to global climatic catastrophe (Level 10) that may threaten the future of civilization as we know it.

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-    At the moment, there are no objects on the “Sentry Risk table” about level 0. Bennu and 1950 DA don't have Torino ratings because their predicted impacts are more than 100 years into the future. As NASA states, "There is currently no known significant threat of impact for the next hundred years or more."

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-   Of course, there still could be potentially hazardous objects out there waiting to be found.  Thousands of potential "city-killers" and even some "planet-killers" may be hiding in the sun's glare.  This is why CNEOS is ever vigilant in its search for near-Earth asteroids.

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October 24, 2024     METEORITES  AND  ASTEROIDS -  potential impacts       4586

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