- 2822 - - ELECTROMAGNETISM - Electric and Magnetic Forces? Let’s explain why a little refrigerator magnet can pick up a paper clip while the force of gravity created by the entire Earth can not pull it back?
--------------- 2822 - ELECTROMAGNETISM - Electric and Magnetic Forces?
- The force of electric charge and magnetic fields are extremely large and powerful compared to the force of gravity. This is counterintuitive because we normally think of gravity as the most powerful force we experience.
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- “The amazing fact is that the electric and magnetic forces are as large compared to the force of gravity as the size of the entire Universe is compared to the size of an atom“.
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- The reason this idea is counterintuitive is that gravity only comes in one “polarity”, attraction. Electric charges come in two polarities, positive and negative. Magnetic forces also come in two polarities, repulsive and attractive.
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- Most everything in the Universe is balanced between these two opposing polarities and the result is neutral. No force exists from a neutral state. The entire Universe itself is electrically neutral because the forces cancel.
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- While gravity, although weaker, pulls in the same direction for infinity. The sum of all that gravity adds up to an enormous power that controls the fate of the Universe. We are very lucky that it is such a weak force.
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- To illustrate the magnitudes of the two forces, electromagnetism versus gravity - let’s do the math calculating the forces between an electron and a proton in an atom.
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----------------------------------- Gravity Force = G * Me*Mp / r^2
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--------------------------- Me = mass of an electron = 9.11*10^-31 kilograms
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--------------------------- Mp = mass of a proton = 1.673 * 10^-27 kilograms
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--------------------------- r = distance between them = 5*10^-11 meters
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--------------------------- G = constant = 6.67 * 10^-11 m^3 / kg*sec^2
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----------- Gravity Force = 10^-11 8 * 10^-31 * 10^-27 / (10^-11)^2 kg*m/sec^2
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--------------------------- Gravity Force = 10^-47
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**********************************
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----------------------------------- Electric Force = Ec * Qe * Qp / r^2
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---------------------------- Qe = Charge of electron = 1.6 * 10^-19 coulombs
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---------------------------- Qp = Charge of Proton = 1.6 * 10^-19 coulombs
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---------------------------- r = distance between them = 5 * 10^-11 meters
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---------------------------- Ec = Electric constant = 9*10^9 kg*m^2/sec^2 * coulombs^2
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---------------------------- Ec = ¼*pi*Eo
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---------------------------- Eo = permitivity of free space
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---------------------------- Eo = 8.85*10^-12
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--------------- Electric Force = 10^10 * 10^-19 * 10^-19 / (5*10^-11)^2 kg*m/sec^2
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---------------------------- Electric Force = 10^-8
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---------------------------- Gravity Force = 10^-47
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------------------ The Force of Gravity is 10^39 times weaker than the electric force.
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------------------------ The Electric Force is 10^39 times stronger than gravity.
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------------------------ This is a multiplying by the power of ten 39 times.
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------------------------ The size of an atom is 10^-10 meters
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------------------------ The size of the Observable Universe is 10^28 meters.
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- Comparing the size of the atom to the size of the Universe is multiplying by the power of ten 38 times.
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- The force of electromagnetism is the number 2 followed by 39 zeros times stronger that the force of gravity.
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- If this ratio was just a few zeros more than our Universe would be short lived and miniature. No creatures could grow larger than insects because they would be crushed by their own weight.
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- But, there would be no insects because it takes time for the biological evolution to occur and the increase in gravity would be too quick in stopping the Universe expansion and creating a Big Crunch, returning the Universe to a Singularity before life could evolve.
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- 10^39 for the ratio of electromagnetic force to gravity is what allowed our Universe to evolve in an elaborate way and persist for a very long time.
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- So, be thankful for gravity even after falling off that ladder.
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- September 9, 2020 726 2822
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--------------------- --- September 11, 2020 --------------------------------------
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