- 3084 - NEUTRON STARS - how can they carry charges? Can we have a super-strong magnetic field coming from the inside of a blackhole? We see blackhole magnetic fields, but are they generated inside the event horizon or outside, such as in the accretion disk? And if they do come from the inside, what’s the physics behind that?
----------------- 3084 - NEUTRON STARS - how can they carry charges?
- A little bit of physics goes a long way, where the tiniest of forces and the smallest of effects become the only things that matter. It is due to the extreme concentrations and amounts of material that create these conditions.
-
- The fact that we have a molten, rotating and changing core with an active magnetic dynamo inside of it does much more than make compass needles point towards the pole. The magnetic field generated at the Earth’s core extends well out into space, protecting us from cosmic dangers and diverting fast-moving charged particles away from us.
-
- The Sun’s magnetic field is huge, and the plasma often traces out the path of those field lines. We can often see the hot, ionized plasma of the Sun extending upwards and outwards many times the diameter of the Earth, even forming a complete loop and “raining down” like a fiery waterfall.
-
- It’s not so hard to imagine why the Sun or the Earth does this.
-
------------------ These objects are made up of atoms, which in turn are made up of positively charged atomic nuclei and negatively charged electrons.
-
------------------ There’s a gravitational gradient and a temperature gradient, meaning that objects of different sizes, masses and cross-sections will be affected differently.
-
------------------ If these phenomena can produce even a small separation of charge, since the Sun and Earth are spinning, these charges that move differently will generate magnetic fields.
-
- But what about neutron stars? Instead of being made out of atomic nuclei and electrons, aren’t they made out of neutral neutrons?
-
- How would they make a magnetic field, which are generated by moving electric charges?
-
- A neutron star isn’t just a simple ball of neutrons; it’s actually layered. As we progress from the outside-in, we find layers of:
------------------------- electrons,
-
------------------------- the nuclei of atoms (like iron),
------------------------- a layer where nuclei are layered (like impurities) inside an ocean of neutrons,
-
------------------------- a transition zone to the core, where the core is a neutron superfluid (a liquid-like phase with absolutely zero friction) along with charged-particle impurities of various masses inside of it.
-
- It’s not like having one single, neutral entity at all! Neutrons themselves are not fundamental, neutral particles, they themselves are made up of charged particles that have different charges and masses from one another!
-
- For example a deuteron, is a neutron and proton bound together. In a neutron star, many neutrons bound together produce an array of “udd” bound states of quarks.
-
- The neutrons themselves have intrinsic magnetic moments (since they’re made up of these charged quarks), and the incredibly high energies inside the neutron star can not only create particle/antiparticle pairs, but can create exotic particles as well.
-
- The charged particles that exist inside the neutron star are highly conductive, plus there are still gravitational, density, temperature and conductivity gradients inside of the neutron star.
-
- At approximately 10 km in radius, with all the angular momentum of a typical Sun-like star, these stars rotate at speeds of between 10-and-70% the speed of light!
-
- That is a recipe for a magnetic field on the order of 100 million Tesla, or about a trillion times what we find at the Earth’s surface.
-
- Without being absolutely certain as to what’s happening in the innermost core of a neutron star, whether we have high-energy quarks, muons and taus, or any other types of particles rarely found in nature, conservative, conventional physics in these extreme environments makes an ultra-strong magnetic field all but inevitable. And that’s how a neutron star generates a super-strong magnetic field!
-
- The next question is, can we have a super-strong magnetic field coming from the inside of a blackhole? We see blackhole magnetic fields, but are they generated inside the event horizon or outside, such as in the accretion disk? And if they do come from the inside, what’s the physics behind that?
-
- Until we know the answer, the question provides us with more than enough food-for-thought to sate even the hungriest appetite! Something to chew on.
-
March 9, 2021 NEUTRON STARS - how carry charges? 3084
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
--------------------- --- Wednesday, March 10, 2021 ---------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment