- 3107 - THINKING WHAT TIME IS? EVERYTHING YOU SEE IS YOUNGER WHEN YOU SEE IT. IT TAKES TIME FOR THE LIGHT TO REACH YOU AND IT IS THE SPEED OF LIGHT THAT IS CONSTANT. TIME IS VARIABLE IT DEPENDS ON WHERE YOU ARE AND HOW FAST YOU ARE MOVING. IT EVEN GETS MORE COMPLICATED.
--------------------------- 3107 - TIME - Think about it, what time is ?
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- 7:32 A.M. No, not what time is it, What time is?
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- Does time fly…………… or is it even moving? Or, are we simply moving through it? What is the “it“ here?
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- Is time a structure in the Universe that has one dimension , flows in one direction , and unfolds sequentially to separate events? Is time what keeps everything from happening all at once?
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- Or, is time not actually an entity. It is not like the entity space where we actually travel through it.
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- By 1915 Einstein had showed the world that time is not the “constant” that everyone thought it was. Time flows at different rates in different places in order to keep the speed of light constant. Clocks just do not click the same everywhere.
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- The speed of light, the gravitational constant , the mass of an electron are fundamentally “constants”. Time is not constant. Time changes with gravity and with rapid motion.
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- We do not notice time is slowing down at our speeds because we are not traveling fast enough. Once your speed is 87% the speed of light time is slowing to half its normal rate. 87% is still 583,450,000 miles per hour. Orbital speeds are in the 17,000 to 25,000 miles per hour range. Can they even notice time slowing down?
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- The Global Positioning System, GPS, uses satellites orbiting Earth to beam down signals that calculate distances to triangulate and determine any position on the planet. The satellites are traveling at high enough speeds that the calculations have to add time to account for the slower clocks in the satellites. Higher speeds slower time.
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- Then, because the satellites are in a weaker gravitational field in orbit we need to subtract some time because weaker gravity accelerates the clocks. Lower gravity faster time.
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- Then, there is the gravity differences for the different altitudes on the surface of the Earth. Every location is a different distance from the center of the Earth. A closer location to the center experiences slower clocks.
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- Then, Earth is rotating at 1,040 miles per hour. Different latitudes experience different rotational speeds. Faster speeds slow down the clocks.
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- Then, the satellites have slightly elliptical orbits putting them at different distances from the center at different times in their orbits.
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- All of these factors affect the flow of time. Software in the calculation of distances must take each factor into account. GPS triangulations to locate accurate positions on the surface of Earth must add and subtract the precise measurement data on location and speed. If the factors are not included the positioning accuracy is within several miles. With the calculations including the relativity factors the accuracy is within a few feet.
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- No two times are the same if they are separated in space. Would time even still exist if there were no space?
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- Does time have something to do with “ entropy”. Entropy is the physic’s name for disorder, randomness. Physic’s law states the entropy in the Universe is always increasing. The Universe constantly marches toward an equilibrium state where everything is randomly the same.
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- We are always approaching that state of randomness. It takes energy to reverse it and we are always dissipating energy. The death of the Cosmos is the cold, random, equilibrium of our future.
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- Randomness is the lowest energy state. Nature is always seeking it. we could say that time is a measure of “ change”. And, if nothing changes , time is done.
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- It is not what time you think? Everything you see around you that is happening "now" has actually occurred a few nanoseconds earlier. The light takes time to reach you just as the sound takes time to reach you. A moving person will experience shorter time durations than a stationary person. The Earth orbits the Sun because it is continuously "falling" in space-time.
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- Time is so fundamental we take it all for granted. It flows along uniformly and independently of everything else in perfect consistency from past to present to future. The past is fixed and the future has not happened yet. Turns out that is all an approximation mistaken by our own limited perspectives.
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- When we dig deeper into the science of time we find a complex erection of structures and layers that we don't see with our limited senses. Here are some examples of what is really happening with" time":
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- A moving person will experience shorter time duration than a stationary person. The moving person will count a fewer number of clicks on their clock. Time has a contraction with motion. Because everything in the Universe is in motion every place in the Universe is experiencing a different time.
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- The time differences not only depend on your motion it also depends on gravity, your proximity to masses will change time as well.
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- Everything you see that is happening "now" has actually occurred a few nanoseconds earlier. The light takes time to reach you just as the sound takes time to reach you. The sound takes milliseconds and the light takes nanoseconds but both have occurred at an earlier times.
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- For the light that came from our closest exoplanet, Proxima B, what you see actually occurred four years earlier. Everything you are seeing is now four years older at the time you see it.
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- Happening now has no accurate meaning. Now cannot be in the future. That makes no sense. The notion in the present , and now, has meaning only to things close to you. Not to anything that is far away. Our "present" is but a small bubble around us.
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- The size of the bubble depends on how precise you determine the time to be. If you measure time intervals in milliseconds the bubble can extend to thousands of miles. If defined by nanoseconds it only extends a few feet. We humans can distinguish only tenths of a second, that's our bubble.
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- The "present" is that interval between past and future. It varies depending on where you are and how fast you are moving. Strange as it is there is no world without time.
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- Time passes faster at higher elevations. Where there is less gravity. Precise clocks in the laboratories can actually measure this. People at lower elevations simply experience less time because gravity is stronger at lower elevations.
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- The Earth orbits the Sun because it is continuously "falling" in space-time.
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- Mass slows down time around itself. If things fall it is of the effect of slowing of time. Time runs more slowly at our feet than at our heads.
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- Time is slowed down by mass. Time is slowed down by motion. Anyone in motion ages less quickly.
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- Albert Einstein actually got to this conclusion long before it could be measured. It was actually in James Clerk Maxwell's equations for electricity and magnetism that started the search. Maxwell's equations change with our velocity. It took Einstein's genius to figure out the significance of this strange result. At the time ," time" was thought to be a constant, not a variable.
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- Einstein's genius changed our whole concept of our Universe because he made time the variable, not the constant.
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- Science can measure these time differences with motion and gravity. Gravity is due to the warping of space-time. Science is now trying to measure this warping of space-time that is passing through Earth as gravitational waves. Large masses like colliding Blackholes create ripples in space-time that we can detect using light interferometers.
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- Einstein's Theory has passed every test so far. His theory says that a mass bends space-time to create a gravitational well. Light will follow a curved path round the edges of this well. Light travelling out of a gravity well is stretched, it gets redder. Time slows as gravity gets stronger. When gravity gets the size of a Blackhole it rips a hole in the fabric of space-time.
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- The Blackhole at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy is 4,000,000 times the mass of the Sun. But, it is only 15,000,000 miles in diameter. It would fit well inside the orbit of Mercury. If the Blackhole were only 10 times the Solar Mass it would be only 37 miles in diameter. A Blackhole the mass of the Earth would be the size of a marble.
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- An Earth size Blackhole would have a gravity force 3,000,000,000 times the gravity we experience on the Earth's surface. The question is does Relativity stop working when we reach these conditions around a Blackhole? Does time stop as well?
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- To answer some of these questions science is trying to detect gravitational waves caused by the acceleration of massive objects. These waves propagate at the speed of light. Scientific interferometers using interfering laser beams are just beginning to detect these waves. The interference pattern they detect are changes as small as 1/10,000th the width of a proton.
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- Gravitational waves may reveal laws of physics beyond Relativity. Does a Graviton carry gravity like a photon carries light? We are testing the theory of Relativity at large scale distances using gravity waves. And, we are testing the Theory at the highest energy quantum level as well.
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- Both ends of the spectrum are windows to new physics. We are well beyond watching the apple fall from the tree. Isaac Newton used that observation to define gravity with equations that got us to the moon and back. But, we needed Einstein's equations to get your GPS systems to work.
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- Lord knows what we will discover next. Stay tuned. Here are some other Reviews about time, available upon request:
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- 1621 Time to Think. - Your brain has to do the same calculations to adjust positions with time, especially astronomer’s brains. Everything seen through the telescope is younger as you see that it is at the time you see it. It takes time for light to reach us, especially at astronomical distances. Light from the Sun is 8 minutes old, and that is the closest star.
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- The next closest star is 4 ½ years younger as we see it. It takes 4 ½ years for the light to reach us.
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- 1341 Optical Lattice Clock.
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- 1189 The Beginning of Time - If you could run the clocks backward 13,700,000,000 years you would reach the beginning of time. Thought to be the creation of time and space. The end of time would be the end of endings. The boundaries of time seem to be the boundaries of our reasoning as well
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- 1006 Is Time slowing Down?
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- 910 Time to Think, again
- 854 Time, GPS, and Entropy
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- 842 Pressed for Time
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- 830 A 24 hour Day - Time - How do you go from GPS time to Universal Time, just add 19 seconds. Why?
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- 814 Fast Speed and Short Time - The smallest fraction of time is 10^-43 seconds. That is how long it takes light to travel the smallest possible distance, 10^-35 meters. If a distance got any smaller it would become a mini-blackhole ( See #724 and #734)
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- 783 Time is what God created - to prevent everything from happening all at once.
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- 747 Why 60 minutes.
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- 356 - Time is Getting Short - Zeptosecond pulses ( 10^-21) are used to study nuclear events in side an atom. We are not there yet with our technology. Attoseconds ( 10^-18) is used to study electrons orbiting the nucleus in atoms. Femtoseconds (10^-15) measures chemical reactions and the interactions of molecules.
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- 354 Jim’s Universal Calendar. History from 10^-43 seconds to today summarized in 19 pages.
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- 37 Deriving Time Dilation from the Pythagorean Theorem. Sorry, that is all the time I have.
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March 26, 2021 TIME - Thinking what time is? 2101 2103 3107
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