Monday, October 30, 2023

4204 - MILKY WAY'S VIOLENT PAST?

 

-    4204   -  MILKY  WAY'S  VIOLENT PAST?     Galactic archaeology reveals Milky Way's neighbor Andromeda has a violent past.  Chemical analysis of stars in our galaxy next door has revealed its upbringing was more chaotic than our own galaxy's.


---------------------  4204  -  MILKY  WAY'S  VIOLENT PAST?   

-    Astrophysicists looked at the chemical compositions of stars in Andromeda, which is the closest large galaxy to our own. The goal was to reconstruct its past.   After examining the abundance of elements in Andromeda and considering the fact this galaxy possesses both planetary nebulae ,  gas and dust blown away from dying low-mass stars, and red giant stars,  researchers concluded that  it experienced dramatic and forceful formation.

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-    In fact, astronomers thinks the creation of the Andromeda galaxy was more turbulent than the origins of the Milky Way. They theorize that Andromeda initially experienced a burst of intense star formation that created the galaxy's foundation, with a secondary period of star birth happening between 2 billion and 4.5 billion years ago.

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-    Although in many ways Andromeda is similar to our own Milky Way,  it's a similarly-sized, spiral disc galaxy , new research confirms that its history is far more intense and dramatic, with bursts of activity forming stars in abundance, and two distinct eras of star formation.

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-    The idea is the second starburst period was triggered when the gas-rich Andromeda collided and merged with another galaxy, also replete with gas, in an event that astronomers call a "wet merger." The influx of gas in such a merger acts as the fuel to kick-start yet more bouts of star formation.

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-    Andromeda isn’t finished clashing with other galaxies.  Scientists have long thought that Andromeda experienced collisions and mergers with other galaxies in its past, because the positions and motions of its individual stars,  the stars started out in another galaxy.

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-   By looking at the chemical compositions of these stars, astronomers found two distinct signatures in the disc components of Andromeda. One family of stars appeared to have ten times more oxygen than iron, while the other group appeared to have similar amounts of both elements. This bit adds a new dimension to the understanding of this galaxy’s past, revealing more about the nature of the suggested collision and its effect on Andromeda’s stellar population.

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-    Galactic archaeology can provide fresh new insights into the history of our universe.   By analyzing the chemical abundance in different ages of stars in Andromeda, astronomers can bring to life its history and better understand its origins.

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-    Andromeda likely has a history of violence and  its future looks to be equally turbulent, with our own galaxy set to become part of its neighbor’s chaotic existence. This is because the Milky Way and Andromeda are currently on a collision course, set to slam into each other in around 4.5 billion years. This titanic collision will give both galaxies a severe makeover, wiping out the distinctive arms of both spiral galaxies.

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-    The stellar population of the Milky Way and Andromeda, which is currently about 2.5 billion light years away from us, will not slam into each other but will survive to be thrown into new orbits around a new galactic center. Our own star, the sun, and the entire solar system are likely to be pushed away from the new galactic core, moving toward the outskirts of the resultant new galaxy.

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-    Oxygen is one of the so-called alpha-elements produced by massive stars. The others are neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, argon, and calcium.  Oxygen and argon have been measured with planetary nebulae, but Andromeda is so far away that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is required to measure other elements, including iron.

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-    In coming years, JWST and ground-based large telescopes will keep looking at Andromeda  giving further weight to the new findings.

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October 30,  2023              MILKY  WAY'S  VIOLENT PAST?        4204

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--------------------- ---  Monday, October 30, 2023  ---------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

           

 

 

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