- 4400
- Index of Reviews 4400 to 4450
- This index is of the 50 reviews from 4400
to 4450. Indices of all previous reviews
is available upon request. Writing
style is stocatto with each paragraph an idea and limited to a few pages in
total. Comments are always welcome. See
https://jimdetrick@blogspot.net
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- 4400
- Index of Reviews 4400 to 4450
- 4400 - BLACKHOLES -
stretch the mind? - Is there anything stranger in the universe
than black holes? These bizarre, gravitational monstrosities don't only warp
space and time; just thinking about them stretches and bends people's
imaginations .
-
- 4401
- EMERGENT GRAVITY -
instead of dark matter? - In 2009, theoretical physicists proposed a
radical reformulation of gravity. In this theory, gravity is not a fundamental
force but rather a manifestation of deeper hidden processes. But in the 15
years since then, there hasn't been much experimental support for the idea. So
where do we go next?
-
- 4402
- DARK MATTER TESTS
- Most, if not all galaxies
are surrounded by halos of this mysterious, unknown, but ubiquitous
material. This stuff also played a role
in galaxy formation. The nature of that role is something astronomers are still
figuring out. Today, they’re searching the infant Universe, looking for the
tiniest, brightest galaxies. That’s because they could help tell the tale of
dark matter’s role in galactic creation.
-
- 4403
- BRIGHTEST QUASAR -
The brightest quasar ever seen is powered by black hole that eats a 'sun
a day'. This quasar, as bright as 500
trillion suns, has evaded astronomers for over 40 years because of its
incredible luminosity. Not only is it the brightest quasar ever seen, but it's
also the brightest astronomical object in general ever seen. It's also powered
by the hungriest and fastest-growing black hole ever seen. It consumes the equivalent of over one sun's
mass a day.
-
- 4404
- PLANETS - why
is solar system flat? - Have all 8 planets in our solar system ever
aligned? All eight planets will never
truly be in a straight line, but they can get close to it. The Sun, followed by Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto.
-
- 4405
- PLANETS - how
do atmospheres vary? - What can they teach us about finding life
beyond Earth? Why study impact craters,
planetary surfaces, exoplanets, astrobiology, solar physics, and comets, and
what these fantastic scientific fields can teach researchers and space fans
regarding the search for life beyond Earth?
-
- 4406
- UNIVERSE -
expanding at different rates?
- James Webb telescope confirms
there is something seriously wrong with our understanding of the universe. Depending on where we look, the universe is
expanding at different rates. Now, scientists using space telescopes have
confirmed that the observation is not down to a measurement error.
-
- 4407
- MOON - how
old is the moon? - Moon is 40 million years older than we
thought, tiny crystals from Apollo mission confirm. A new analysis of zircon crystals from the
Apollo 17 mission has revealed that the moon formed around 40 million years
earlier than past geological evidence suggested. However, our cosmic companion
may be even older than that.
-
4408
- SUN -
eruption on March 24, 2024.
- The sun erupted over the
weekend, flinging electromagnetic
radiation towards Earth, even illuminating skies with spectacular aurora borealis.
For the first time, ESA's satellites, unlikely space weather duo of SMOS and
Swarm, tracked the severe solar storm which warped Earth's magnetic field.
-
- 4409
- LIFE - on
Mars and the farthest galaxy? - NASA's Perseverance rover may already have
found signs of life on Mars. The
discovery of an ancient lake bed beneath the Perseverance rover's location on
Mars could mean the robotic scout has already scraped up microbial fossils. But
we won't know for sure until we fetch the sample.
-
- 4410
- CENTAURS - are
small planetary bodies ? - These planetary bodies orbit between Jupiter
and Neptune and have baffled astronomers for sharing characteristics with both
asteroids and comets. Centaurs got their name after the mythical half-horse,
half-human creatures called centaurs due to their dual characteristics.
-
- 4411
- SPEED OF
LIGHT - think about it, amazing! Light travels fast but space has enormous
distances. Andromeda Galaxy is the
farthest thing you can see with the naked eye. Check it out. It took 2.5 million years to reach your eyes.
-
- 4412
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- time, of course it is
changing? - Climate change is messing with how we
measure time. It may have delayed the
need for the world's timekeepers to add a "negative leap second" to
standard time. Struggle to wrap your
head around daylight savings? Spare a thought for the world's timekeepers, who
are trying to work out how climate change is affecting Earth's rotation, and in
turn, how we keep track of time.
-
- 4413 -
NEUTRINO FACTORY -
making stardust particles? - A
stardust particle locked in meteorite holds secrets of a star's explosive
death. These particles are like
celestial time capsules, providing a snapshot into the life of their parent
star.
-
- 4414
- NUCLEAR ENERGY
- solution waiting to
happen? - In December 2022, after more than a decade
of effort and frustration, scientists at the US National Ignition Facility
(NIF) announced that they had set a world record by producing a fusion reaction
that released more energy than it consumed, a phenomenon known as “ignition”.
-
- 4415
- SOLAR ECLIPSE - in
2024, what we hope to learn? - A total
solar eclipse will be seen across the United States in April 2024. When a rare total solar eclipse sweeps across
North America on April 8, scientists will be able to gather invaluable data on
everything from the sun's atmosphere to strange animal behaviors and even
possible effects on humans.
-
- 4416
- SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION
- we live on what's left
behind? - The threat posed by stellar cataclysms such
as supernovae and related phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts are cataclysms are
remote, but when they occur closer to home they can pose a threat to life on
Earth.
-
- 4417
- EXOPLANET -
search for life. - With all the in-motion SETI research
underway, just how prepared are we for a confirmed, door-ringing neighborhood
watch revelation? We should begin to
think about how we convey this information, possible impacts to society, to
religion, to politics, to technology, to governments.
-
- 4418
- EXOPLANET FOUND
- will it host life? Hycean Planet Found? “TOI-270 d”. It may be able to host life even though being
outside what scientists consider the regular habitable zone. Exoplanet's thick
atmospheres can trap enough heat to keep the oceans warm even though they’re
not close to their stars.
-
- 4419
- SOLAR ECLIPSE – 2024 , much more to learn? Although Earth-based telescopes can
provide images of the sun in a higher resolution, these telescopes can't study
the extreme ultraviolet part of the solar light spectrum. Because these
frequencies are filtered out by Earth's atmosphere, ground-based telescopes
therefore don't see many of the key phenomena driving the sun's behavior.
-
- 4420
- UNIVERSE EXPANSION
RATE? - how fast is it, really?
- The notion of the absolute speed
limit comes from special relativity, but who ever said that special relativity
should apply to things on the other side of the universe? That's the domain of
a more general theory. A theory called “general relativity”.
-
- 4421 -
DARK ENERGY SURVEY
- to explain the universe? - By
the time DESI has completed its five-year run, it will have mapped over three
million quasars and 37 million galaxies. That massive trove of data should help
scientists understand if dark energy is changing. Whatever the eventual answer,
the question is vital to understanding the Universe.
-
- 4422
- STARS -
from birth to death? - Hubble Telescope witnesses a new star being
born in a stunning cosmic light show.
The infant star FS Tau B is blasting out a powerful jet of matter that
is slamming into sounding material.
-
- 4423
- PARKER SOLAR
PROBE? - Parker Solar Probe was blasted by Coronal
Mass Ejections 28 times in 4 years. PSP
was launched on August 12, 2018, with the goal of becoming the first spacecraft
to touch the Sun while teaching us more about our host star than any spacecraft
or solar instrument in human history.
-
- 4424
- SOLAR ECLIPSE
SPEED - only the shadow knows ? -
April's total solar eclipse will travel at speeds ranging from 10
million miles an hour, half the speed of the fastest supernova explosion ever
detected, to as slow as 1,565 mph, about twice the speed of a supersonic
aircraft.
-
- 4425
- MARS -
craters filled with water? - New research shows that the Gale Crater,
the landing spot for NASA’s “MSL Curiosity”, held water for a longer time than
scientists thought. Life needs water, and it needs stability. So, if Gale
Crater held water for a long time, it strengthens the idea that Mars could’ve
supported life.
-
- 4426 -
MILKY WAY GALAXY
- from birth to today. As galaxies merge and collide, their
hydrogen gas clouds are disrupted, which can create a frenzy of star
birth. Over time, the Milky Way’s long filaments
of gas and dust coalesced and resulted in the modern spiral structure of the
galaxy today.
-
- 4427
- MILKYWAY GALAXY - how
big is it? - Exactly how massive is the Milky Way? How
do you weigh a galaxy? It's an astronomical challenge, particularly if it's the
galaxy you call home. It turns out there are several ways to get a handle on
the mass of the Milky Way.
-
- 4428
- GAMMA RAY
BURSTS - from stars that collide? - Two
neutron stars begin to merge blasting jets of high-speed particles creating
short gamma-ray bursts. These are the most powerful events in the known
universe. Gamma-ray bursts are
short-lived outbursts of the highest-energy light. They can erupt with a
quintillion (a 10 followed by 18 zeros) times the luminosity of our sun. They are now thought to announce the births
of new black holes, they were discovered by accident.
-
- 4429
- FAST RADIO
BURSTS - Fast radio-wave explosion ever found could
be used to weigh the universe.
Astronomers traced a mysterious radio source to three merging galaxies 8
billion light-years away. Studying it could help uncover the universe's missing
matter.
-
- 4430
- AGES OF STARS
- how to measure it? - The upcoming Roman Space Telescope will
gather data from hundreds of millions of stars through its “Galactic Bulge Time
Domain Survey”, one of three core community surveys it will conduct. Roman will
look toward our galaxy's center a region crowded with stars—to measure how many
of these stars change in brightness over time. These measurements will enable
multiple science investigations, from searching for distant exoplanets to
determining the stars' rotation rates.
-
- 4431
- BLACK HOLES
CAME FIRST? -
Black holes not only existed at the dawn of time, they birthed new stars
and supercharged galaxy formation. New
theories are challenging classical understanding that they formed after the
first stars and galaxies emerged.
-
- 4432
- MOON HISTORY
- splashed off the Earth? -
Scientists recently solved a long-standing mystery surrounding the
moon's 'lopsided' geology. About 4.5 billion years ago, a small planet smashed
into the young Earth, flinging molten rock into space. Slowly, the debris
coalesced, cooled and solidified, forming our moon.
-
- 4433
- AGE OF
THE UNIVERSE? - was
it the beginning? If we count from
the start of the hot Big Bang, we learn that the Universe is 13.8 billion years
old, with only a very tiny (1%) degree of uncertainty. But what gives us the
right to call the start of the hot Big Bang "the beginning,"
particularly if we now can confidently state that a period of cosmic inflation
preceded it?
-
- 4434
- CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE? -
did you feel the ground shake? - Fears grow over supervolcano that 'may
swallow this entire US state' in apocalyptic eruption. 2 hours ago, Monday, April 15, 2024, fears
are mounting over the potential eruption of a supervolcano in California, which
has been dormant for hundreds of thousands of years.
-
- 4435
- SUN'S CORONA
PROBE - to touch the Sun? -
NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was launched on August 12, 2018, with
the goal of becoming the first spacecraft to touch the Sun while teaching us
more about our host star than any spacecraft or solar instrument in human
history.
-
- 4436
- MARS ROBOTS
- what have they found? -
Perseverance is a rover on Mars.
It finds its “dream rock” to be a specific type of rock so important that
it holds convincing clues to Mars’ ancient habitability. If scientists could design the perfect rock
for Perseverance to find, it would be one that displayed evidence of ancient
water and was the type that preserves ancient organic material.
-
- 4437
- METEORITES -
teach us about our solar system? -
Meteorites provide our best information about how the solar system
formed and evolved. This includes planet formation. We also obtain information
on astrophysics (stellar processes) through studies of pre-solar grains.
-
- 4438
- ATOMS - are
mostly empty space? Practically all
of the matter we see and interact with is made of atoms, which are mostly empty
space. Then why is reality so... solid?
Although, at a fundamental level, the Universe is made up of point-like
quantum particles, they assemble together to create objects of finite sizes and
masses, occupying specific amounts of volume, that is space..
-
- 4439
- OCEAN TEMPERATURES
- control the weather? -
El Niño to flip to La Niña are the names of ocean cyrrents in what could
be the hottest year on record. A quick
flip from El Niño to La Niña is coming soon, but what does that mean for the
U.S.? El Niño is likely to give way
soon, ushering in a quick switch to its opposite atmospheric and ocean pattern,
La Niña.
-
- 4440
- ASTEROIDS - a
close flyby? - The asteroid discovered Tuesday (April 9,
2024) made an extremely close, but harmless, pass by planet Earth on April
11. Asteroid 2024 GJ2 is roughly the
size of a car and, since its discovery, astronomers calculated that the space
rock would graze by Earth at a mere 12-thousand-mile distance. That's just three percent the distance
between the Earth and the moon.
-
- 4441
- MARS - Curiosity, Ingenuity helicopter, Perseverance? There was no intelligent life, but there
may have been simple life in those lakes. Once we get Comet Geyser and the
other samples back to Earth, we may find out for sure.
-
- 4442
- NEUTRINOS -
The Ghost Particle: What is a “Neutrino” and could it be the key to
modern physics? It came from deep
space, moving at the speed of light, and crashed into Antarctica. Deep below
the ice, it met its end. It wasn't an asteroid or alien spacecraft, but a
particle that rarely interacts with matter, known as a “neutrino”.
-
- 4443
- DARK MATTER
- what is it , really? -
Dark matter is the mysterious stuff that fills the universe but no one
has ever seen. “Dark matter” makes up
over 80% of all matter in the universe, but scientists have never seen it. We only assume it exists because, without
it, the behavior of stars, planets and galaxies simply wouldn't make sense.
-
- 4444
- “IO” JUPITER'S
MOON - an active volcanic world? -
Close flybys of Io, one of Jupiter’s moons and the most volcanically
active world in our solar system, have revealed a lava lake and a towering
feature called “Steeple Mountain” on the moon’s alien surface.
-
- 4445
- UNIVERSE EXPANDING
- how to measure it? -
James Webb Telescope continues to confirm that the Universe is behaving
strangely? Over a century ago,
astronomers Edwin Hubble and Georges Lemaitre independently discovered that the
Universe was expanding. Since then, scientists have attempted to measure the
rate of expansion (known as the Hubble-Lemaitre Constant) to determine the
origin, age, and ultimate fate of the Universe.
-
- 4446
- OLDEST GALAXY
- and the oldest stars ? v A new program to photograph one-quarter of
the southern sky is using the “Blanco” 4 meter telescope in Chile and equipment
designed to identify the most ancient fossil stars in the Milky Way and our
galactic neighbor. By uncovering these relics, astronomers hope to paint a
better picture of how stars have enriched the cosmos with the elements that
make up all that we see around us.
-
- 4447
- CLOSE ENCOUNTERS
- will we know it if we see
it? To spot potential intelligent
life out there in the great beyond, first you must cast a net wide by using an
array of techniques and technologies.
Any "fishing expedition" for Extra - Terrestrials includes
close-in studies of life in extreme environments right here on Earth, to help
us recognize any signatures we might find on Mars or deep diving through the
icy shell of Jupiter's moon, Europa.
-
- 4448
- EXOPLANETS - can
we find them? - The Hubble Space Telescope joins the hunt
for newborn exoplanets. James Webb
Space Telescope quickly spotted signs of a forming exoplanet, but, not the one that astronomers had expected to
see.
-
- 4449
- COMET DISCOVERIES
? The spacecraft 'SOHO'
discovers its 5,000th comet. In December
1995, an observatory traveled nearly a million miles from Earth as part of a $1
billion mission to study the sun.
-
- 4450
- CONSTELLATION CASSIOPEIA
- stars after explosion? -
When a massive star runs out of fuel, it collapses in on itself and then
explodes. It leaves behind a dense core where the protons and electrons are
crushed into neutrons. It’s called a “neutron star”, and they’re the smallest
and densest stellar objects in the Universe other than black holes.
-
-
March 24,
2024 Index of Reviews 4400 to 4450 4450
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--- to:
------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net
------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
---------------------
--- Monday, April 29, 2024
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