- Attachments : Spherical Galaxy
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- We know that in 5,000,000,000 years from now the Sun will have burned all of its nuclear fusion fuel and will begin expanding into a Red Giant star and later into a Planetary Nebula with a White Dwarf star at the center. With no Sun for life the Solar System will fade to black.
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- By that time the expansion of space will have removed all the galaxies and stars outside of our own Galaxy from view. They would all be too far away for their light to ever reach us.
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- Stars are born from interstellar clouds of gas and dust that are as large as 1,000,000 Solar Mass. The Milky Way produced 200,000,000,000 stars to date and it will produce 10,000,000,000 more stars in the future.
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- Today the interstellar gas and dust within our Galaxy is only 10% of the mass of the stars. The raw material for new stars is being used up. Today the Milky Way produces one Solar Mass star per year. At the peak of star formation the Galaxy was producing 10 Solar Mass stars per year. 1,000,000,000 years from now the Galaxy will be producing 1 Solar Mass star ever 10 years. 1 trillion years from now star production will be down to 1 star every 100 years.
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- Will the Milky Way disappear?
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- No!
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- Something else is on the horizon in 2,000,000,000 years from now . The Andromeda Galaxy will collide with our Galaxy. The giant galaxies will merge and begin orbiting a common center of gravity .. This merger of mass will create another period of star formation. Eventually an elliptical galaxy will form with low star formation activity. An elliptical galaxy is spherical versus a spiral galaxy that is disk-shaped. Mergers create spherical galaxies.
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- All of the prior star formation and end-of-life supernovae have filled the interstellar medium with the heavier elements from carbon, oxygen all the way up to uranium. Our Sun has 100 times more heavy elements than the stars that formed in the first 4 billion years after the Big Bang. The very first stars had no heavy elements at all, only hydrogen, helium and lithium.
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- When stars have more heavy elements they consume their fuel at a lower rate. At the same time they reduce the among of nuclear fuel available thus shortening the life of the star. For the next trillion years the first effect will lengthen the life of stars. After that the abundance of heavy elements will shorten the life of stars.
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- However the abundance of heavy elements should mean the formation of more planets about the stars. The Universe in the far future should be filled with planets.
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- If two White Dwarf stars, like our Sun will be, are binaries, unlike our Sun that is a lone star, the binaries will orbit a common center of gravity and will be emitting gravity waves. As gravity waves carry energy away form the system the orbits will shrink until the two stars merge into one supernova explosion and a Short Gamma Ray Burst.
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- The other type of burst is the Long Gamma Ray Burst which occurs when a massive star’s core collapses into a Neutron Star.
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- After trillions of years the Universe will have only Blackholes, Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs and extremely faint Red Stars. All the nuclear fusion stars will have burned out. What will life be like? An announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned.
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707-536-3272, Monday, March 12, 2012
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