- 3038 - REDSHIFTS - tells us how old it is? The time that light has been traveling towards is 13 billion years. Space has been expanding during that time. Expanding space stretches out the wavelength of the light. Longer wavelength are towards the red end of the light spectrum, thus the “ redshift” of light.
--------------- 3038 - REDSHIFTS - tells us how old it is?
- The age of the Universe is 13,700,000,000 years.
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- The oldest galaxy we can see formed 13,000,000,000 years ago.
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- The Universe was only 5% of its current age when this galaxy formed. If a human was 80 years old it would be analogous to her viewing a picture of herself when she was only 4 years old.
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-------------- 4 / 80 = 0.05 -------------- .7 / 13.7 = 0.051
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- The time that light has been traveling towards is 13 billion years. Space has been expanding during that time. Expanding space stretches out the wavelength of the light. Longer wavelength are towards the red end of the light spectrum, thus the “ redshift” of light.
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- Light could leave the galaxy in the ultraviolet wavelengths and arrive at our telescopes in the far infrared. The time that has elapsed is a function of the amount of redshift.
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- Here is a formula that is given for calculating the elapsed time given the redshift. It is polynomial of the 5th order where “z” is the redshift.
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- time ( z ) = 0.0002 z^5 - 0.0072 z^4 + 0.1301 z^3 - 1.143z^2 + 5.014 z + 3.7677
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- The graph is constructed with billions of years on the y-axis and redshift on the x-axis. The graph becomes a linear function at higher redshifts. The graph is from 1 to 15 redshift. The astronomers are working between 9 and 12 redshift. They would like to be using a simpler equation for their calculations.
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------------------- Time (z = 9 ) = 13.11 billion years.
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------------------- Time ( z = 12 ) = 13.29 billion years.
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- Construct a straight line between these 2 points and construct a linear equation for that line that will give time as a function of redshift.
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--------------------------- y = mx + b, is the general equation for all straight lines.
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--------------------------- Time (z) = mz + b
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---------------------------- Where “ m” is the slope of the line and “b” is where the line crosses the y-axis, where x = 0. First let’s calculate the slope of the line connecting the 2 points:
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---------------------- slope = m = 13.29 - 13.11 / 12 - 9 = 0.18 / 3 = 0.06
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- Next we find the intersection of the line with the y-axis:
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----------------------- 13.29 - b / 12 = m = 0.06
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----------------------- 13.29 - b = .72
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----------------------- b = 12.57
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------------------ Time (z) = 0.06(z) + 12.57
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------------------ Time (8.6) = 0.516 + 12.57 = 13.086 billion lightyears
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------------------ Time (9) = 0.54 + 12.57 = 13.11 billion lightyears
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------------------ Time (11.9) = 0.714 + 12.57 = 13.1284 billion lightyears
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------------------ Time ( 12 ) = 0.72 + 12.77 = 13.29 billion lightyears
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- Note in the picture of deep field galaxies and the redshifts are shown ranging from 8.6 to 11.9. Their distances in billions of lightyears can be easily calculated with this equation.
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- I am puzzled by the 5th order polynomial when I us it to calculate the time.
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------------------- Time ( 9 ) = 15.7 billion years
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------------------- Time ( 12 ) = 24.7 billion years
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------------------- Time ( 15 ) = 48.3 billion years.
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- Apparently many more terms are needed in this equation to get better answers. Over the range of 9 to 12 our linear redshift equation works very well. An announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned, until I find the answer.
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- Redshifts less that 1.4 can use a much more intuitive formula that calculates the receding velocity of the galaxy. The further away a galaxy is the faster its receding velocity because there is more space between us that is expanding. The ratio of receding velocity, “ v” to the speed of light , “c” is:
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------------------ v / c = z^2 +2z // z^2 + 2z + 2
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- where z = 1.4 ------ v / c = 1.4^2 +21.4 // 1.4^2 + 21.4 + 2 = 4.76 / 6.76 = 70%
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- The ratio of the expanding velocity to the speed of light = 70%
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- The galaxy is receding at a velocity of 70% *c = 210,000 meters per second.
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- The lookback time = 9,000,000,000 years
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- The co-moving distance = 13,000,000,000 lightyears
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- The Universe’s age = 42% of its current age
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- The Universe age when the light left the galaxy = 5,750,000,000 years.
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- The Cosmic Microwave Background light has a redshift of 1,100. It has a lookback time of 13,700,000,000 years. A co-moving distance of 46,000,000,000 lightyears
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------------------------- Other reviews on redshifts :
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- 2879 - REDSHIFTS - seeing back in time. The redshift tells us how old it is? The age of the Universe is 13,700,000,000 years. The oldest galaxy we can see formed 13,000,000,000 years ago. The Universe was only 5% of its current age when this galaxy formed. If a human was 80 years old it would be analogous to her viewing a picture of herself when she was only 4 years old. The most distant quasar galaxy had a redshift of 7. That means the signal left the galaxy 770,000,000 years after the Big Bang
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- 2876 - REDSHIFT - found in orbiting neutron stars? A theory in physics and astronomy predicted by Albert Einstein in 1906 has been verified using a double star system about 29,000 light years from Earth. This phenomenon in physics, called a 'gravitational redshift,' has been well documented in our Solar System, but it's been more elusive for the stars.
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- 2698 - REDSHIFT - explains the Universe expansion? The Universe is expanding. How do we know that. We measure the wavelength of light and it is getting stretched out as it travels through space to reach us. As wavelength stretches the photons loose energy. If Gamma Wave wavelengths are emitted after the Big Bang by the time they reach us they have been redshifted, wavelength stretched out, into the microwave wavelengths.
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- 1713 - Colors change for far away galaxies. We can calculate their radial velocity by the amount of shift that happens to colors of light as it travels through expanding space. Using Hubble’s constant rate of space expansion we can calculate the distance to the galaxy.
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- 1695 - Measuring astronomical distances
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- 1603 - Finding the farthest galaxy. How spectroscopy is used to measure the distance to the farthest galaxies?
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February 9, 2021 REDSHIFTS - tells us how old it is? 3038
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--------------------- --- Wednesday, February 10, 2021 ---------------------------
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