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--------------------------------- 2425 - CALORIES - how to count them?
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- Gaining weight is simple math. You just have to count the calories, input minus output. Then limit the number of calories input to only what is needed for your daily exercise. Washing dishes is considered exercise. So is vacuuming.
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- You can study weight gain and loss by adding and subtracting calories using simple math. You eat calories in the food you swallow and you burn calories in the exercise you do.
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- A calorie is a measure of energy. So, we are talking about the difference between the energy you consume and the energy you burn during exercise. If you consume more than you burn the excess is stored in the body as fat, to be burned at some future date. Of course, if the future date remains in the future the fat remains on your body.
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- We use a thermometer to measure energy that is in the form of heat. When heat is at the temperature of frozen water we say it is zero degrees Centigrade ( or, 32 degrees Fahrenheit) and when the energy level is to the boiling point of water we say it is at 100 degrees Centigrade (or, 212 degrees Fahrenheit). The temperature in each case may be regarded as the “intensity of heat”.
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- Your body maintains a temperature of 37 degrees Centigrade (98.6 F) You need food to burn in order to maintain this temperature. If you body gets to room temperature you are most likely dead and you do not need any more food.
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- A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C. A Calorie in a food package (notice the capital C in Calories) is actually a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories, the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 “kilogram” of water 1 degree C.
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- If you weigh 150 pounds, 68 kilograms, to keep your temperature at 37 C you need to burn 2516 calories, assuming your body is mostly water, 68*37 = 2516 calories. If you consume 4,516 calories today and you only need 2,526 to stay alive, you have to burn up the other 2,000 calories or they will be stored as fat.
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- You have to run a mile to burn 100 calories, so that is a 25 mile run you signed up for. See yuh! (Actually, it is amazing how many calories you can burn just walking up and down stairs, sweeping off the deck, or washing the windows. It doesn’t always have to be a marathon.)
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- The Calorie on a food package is 1000 times larger than a calorie used in chemistry or physics. Originally, food was placed in a sealed container surrounded by water. This was called a “calorimeter“. The food was burned and the resulting rise in water temperature was measured. You knew the mass of the water, so the math is:
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--------------------------- Quantity of Heat = mass ( Change in Temperature)
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--------------------------- Q = m ( t2 - t1 )
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- You body radiates heat about an equivalent toa 100 watt light bulb, which is 100 joules per second or 24 calories per second. There are 86,400 seconds in a day so that is 2,073,600 calories/day (chemistry type), or 2,074 Calories/day (food type).
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- Nutrition labeling does not burn food anymore. Instead they commonly use “food tables“. They identify the amount of each component in the food and add up the calories in each.
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- For example: 10 grams of protein at 4 kilocalories per gram = 40 kilocalories, plus 20 grams of carbohydrates at 4 kilocalories per gram = 40 kilocalories, plus 9 grams of fat at 9 kilocalories per gram = 81 kilocalories , plus 1 gram of alcohol at 7 kilocalories per gram = 208 kilocalories, or Calories, in the food.
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- The study of heat is called “thermodynamics” and it has four laws:
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---------- 0. No heat flows between bodies at the same temperature.
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---------- 1. When heat is converted to work it is never totally efficient. This is also known as the law that energy can not be created or destroyed.
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---------- 2. Heat only flows from the hotter object to the cooler object. Heat like time only flows in one direction.
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---------- 3. The temperature of absolute zero, - 273 C, is the point where all molecular motion stops. Perceived heat is molecular motion, or the kinetic energy of molecules.
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---------- 4. Entropy always increases.
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- Entropy is the quantitative measure of “disorder” or “randomness“. When you reach temperature equilibrium it is considered “orderly”, or a low entropy. When temperature is high it is considered “disorderly”, or high entropy.
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- Life needs a high entropy in order to exist. Heat flows downhill and as molecules reach equilibrium they become more random or higher entropy. If the law is correct in the extreme the whole Universe will eventually be in equilibrium, with maximum randomness and maximum entropy.
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- A “heat death” for the Universe. No point in counting Calories when that happens.
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- July 29, 2019 673
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--------------------- Monday, July 29, 2019--------------------
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