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--------------------- 2611 - BIG BANG - energy flows create the Universe?
- Cosmology is astronomy studying energy flows and statistics. Everything in our world, every atom in your body, is made of elements found in the Periodic Table of Elements. These elements range from the lightest, Hydrogen with one proton, to one of the heaviest, uranium with 92 protons.
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- Your body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, oxygen with 8 protons and carbon with 6 protons.
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- The lightest elements hydrogen and helium were born in the Big Bang. All the rest were made by fusion to heavier elements in the center core of stars. Stars like our Sun but larger. Our bodies are essentially the by-products of a nuclear furnace.
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- The intense temperatures and pressures at the core of these large stars molded the elements heavier that helium. When this fusion furnace ran out of the lighter elements to fuse into heavier elements the fusion stops, the star collapses to the core and rebounds into a giant explosion.
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- The violent death of a star is called a “ supernova”. The explosion spreads these heavier elements into space. They form clouds of atoms and molecules that are gathered up by gravity and eventually create another star causing the process to repeat. If the star is big enough another supernova ensues.
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- The heavier elements like the ones of your body ( like calcium) required a few of these cycles of supernova explosions. The Big Bang started the process 13.7 billion years ago. Our Earth has been around 4.6 billion years. The planets formed with a build up of atoms that were orbiting in the Accretion Disks around several generations of suns.
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- Life swept up a sub-set of these atoms to become our mortal selves. It all came from the exploding dust of stars.
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- What explains this extraordinary complexity out of total simplicity? How do we go from the Quarks in protons to an accelerating Universe carrying galaxies and planets along for the ride?
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- God made Nature to have a “ natural instability”, energy flows and chaos ensues.
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- Instabilities create “ phase changes”. Like water vapor ( simplicity) can go through energy flows to produce snowflakes ( complexity). No two snowflakes discovered to date have been exactly alike.
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- The Big Bang started with an instability of a “false vacuum” decaying into an “ordinary vacuum” (I have no idea what this means?) The hot plasma contained Quarks (positive charges) and Gluons ( force particles to hold positive charges together that would normally repel each other) and electrons and neutrinos.
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- When the Universe expanded and cooled enough Quarks bound together to produce protons and Neutrons. Another phase transition with neutral atoms the Universe became “ transparent” and photons were released to spread electromagnetic energy through out space. This happened 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
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- Gravity pulled clouds of atoms together to form stars and galaxies. The next instability occurred when hydrogen and helium fused at the core of stars releasing energy that lasted for billions of years. Our Sun will release its energy for 10 billion years. When the fuel runs out the larger stars release their energy as supernovae. Smaller stars go through a Red Giant Star phase and eventually become White Dwarf stars.
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- Planets like Earth have instabilities and energy flows too. Gravity pulls the heavier elements into the core. Water and air are left on the surface. The heat from the Sun makes energy flow from the equator to the poles in constant weather circulation.
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- The energy flows create chemical laboratories. Somehow this complexity transformed from chemistry into biology.
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- Today we know that there are at least as many planets as there are stars. All are dealing with these same or similar instabilities, constantly evolving. Could life simply be a “statistical force”?
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- This is the theory of large numbers. If the numbers are large enough anything can happen given enough time. We have billions of stars in billions of galaxies and 13,700,000,000 years, which should be enough numbers and time for statistics to work.
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- Just like rolling 5 die. Enough rolls taken will produce 5 sixes. It is simply the result of statistical force. It is hard to comprehend.
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- All this life came from star dust. Where did the star dust come from? I am trying to comprehend it? Where did I come from? Statistics should tell us that complexity is everywhere. Somewhere else there must be biology. Stay tuned as announcement will be made shortly.
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---------------------------- Request these Reviews to learn more about Cosmology:
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- 2550 - COSMOLOGY - the history of astronomy? Cosmology started with the Greeks when their Universe was the Solar System and the stars. Cosmology changed drastically when Einstein proposed his theory of matter, energy, and gravity in 1905 and Hubble discovered galaxies outside our Milky Way that were speeding away from us.
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- 2444 - COSMOLOGY - The History of the Universe? - Cosmology is the study of the evolution of the Universe. It started with the Greeks when their Universe was the Solar System and the stars. Cosmology changed drastically when Einstein proposed his theory of matter, energy, and gravity in 1905 and Hubble discovered galaxies outside our Milky Way that were speeding away from us.
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- 2428 - COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT - - The Cosmological Constant was invented by Albert Einstein. When he was thinking about gravity and the birth of the Universe, he could not see how , if gravity were the only force working over long distances, the Universe would not stop expanding and begin contracting into a “ Big Crunch”.
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- 2366- Today’s expansion rate for the expanding Universe is estimated to be 49,300 miles per hour for every 1 million miles distance. The coasting point that marks the transition from an decelerating universe to an accelerating universe occurs at a redshift of 0.7, 7 billion lightyears distant, and half way back to the Big Bang.
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- 2357 - Cosmology is telling us the expansion of he Universe is causing galaxies to be flying apart from each other. This is not the case. The correct interpretation is that space itself is expanding and the galaxies are embedded in this space, like raisins in a rising loaf of bread.
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- 2138 - The Birth of My Universe. The Universe was homogeneous before Inflation happened. and because it expanded much faster than the speed of light it remained homogeneous. The velocity of the expansion today is 47,000 miles per hour for every million lightyears distance. In 1998 astronomers discovered that this velocity was accelerating. There is some type of Dark Energy in the vacuum of space that is accelerating the expansion of the Universe.
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- 2112 - Cosmological Constant. We know the Universe is expanding at an ever accelerating rate. We have to fudge Einstein’s equations in order to explain this.
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- 1855 - Cosmic Energy Flows. Astronomy studying flows and statistics. Do statistical forces create nature? Are we just the product of large numbers?
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- 1854 - How do we know Cosmic Inflation happened? Like a human baby after conceptions its cells are doubling daily. After 9 months that is 274 doublings which would weight more than all the matter in the Universe. Somehow the mother knows better and slows the growth down to end at 8 to 10 pounds.
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- 1853 - What caused Cosmic Inflation? There is still not a clear explanation for why or how it happened.
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- 1852 - How do we measure Cosmic Inflation? Measurements put us at 13.8 billion years old with 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter speckled with galaxies that grew from gravity from random microscopic fluctuations. We are in the remaining 5% trying to understand the rest of this stuff.
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- 1849 - Cosmology - Energy flows chaos ensues.
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- 1775 - Cosmic Evolution. There is irony in the arrogance implied in our figuring this stuff out. At the same time it gives us the humility that there is much more to learn.
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- 1771 - Life is complex. Cosmology is a form of intellectual time travel. The Observable Universe extends 250 billion trillion miles in every direction. There is a limit to the faster you go the heavier you get.
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- 1697 - The story beginning to end. Space began stretching out and carrying matter along with it. If the current rate of expansion was always constant the Universe would be 14.7 billion years old. It was not. Gravity slowed expansion during the first 5 billion years.
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- 1602 - Cosmology tells us the composition of the Universe.
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- 1601 - Cosmology for Dummies. How far has light traveled since the beginning of the Universe? How did the Universe’s perpetual motion all start ? Running time and expansion backwards we arrive at a densely compressed space filled with radiation energy and subatomic particles.
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- 1215 - What has happened the past ten cosmological decades? The Earth is living in the 45,000,000 century. The evenly matched competition between gravity and entropy allows the Su to exist for 15,000,000,000 years.
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- 1208 - The evolution of the Universe. A vacuum of empty space contains 10^-26 kilograms of energy per cubic meter. This is too small to explain acceleration.
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- 767 - Einstein’s cosmology. The sum total of the photons in the atoms in your feet and in the ground means you are standing on a light beam.
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- 759 - The history of cosmology. By 1998 astronomers are convinced that the expansion of the Universe was accelerating.
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- 713 - The Cosmological Constant. The constant expansion rate today is 0.046107 miles per hour per lightyear. The Cosmological Constant is just one of dozens of Natural Constants fine tuned for life to exist.
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- 410 Cosmology - What then physics is telling us?
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- 374 - The Universe is flat. The density is very close to the critical density where the Universe is neither expanding or contracting. It is in a very sensitive and unstable condition. The Universe should have grown to extremes by now. What’s going on?
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- February 8, 2020 1855 2600
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--------------------- Saturday, February 8, 2020 --------------------
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