-
-
--------------------------------- 2602 - PULSAR - spinning Neutron Star?
-
- Pulsars have incredibly powerful magnetic fields shaped like a dipole magnet. Combined with the pulsar’s rotation, this causes particles from its surface to be focused into tight beams emitted from the poles. This creates a strong rotating strobe effect that resembles a lighthouse to observers.
-
- This effect leads to variations in the pulsar’s brightness in the X-ray wavelength. At the same time, astronomers have also observed hotspots on the surface of pulsars, which are the result of their magnetic fields ripping particles from the surface and accreting them around the poles. While the entire surface glows brightly in X-rays, these hot spots glow even brighter.
-
- A millisecond pulsar being studied revolves 205 times per second showing that pulsars are not simple rotating neutron stars. There is more to learn.
-
- A pulsar with its magnetic field has beams emitting from the poles washing out most radio detectors as the dead star spins. To recreate the X-ray signals being observed astronomers conducted simulations that modeled overlapping circles of different sizes and temperatures.
-
- These studies determined that the Pulsar is around 1.3 Solar masses and 15.8 miles . They identified two hot spots, one small and circular, the other long and crescent-shaped.
A second team of astronomers found that the Pulsar was 1.4 Solar masses, measures 16.2 miles wide, and came up with two solutions for hotspots.
-
- As predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, a pulsar is so dense that its gravity warps the very fabric of space-time around it. The effect is so pronounced that light coming from the side facing away from the observer is bent and redirected towards us. This makes the star look bigger than it really is and means that hot spots don’t disappear entirely when they rotate away from the observer.
-
- Astronomers are able to measure the arrival of each X-ray from the Pulsar to better than a hundred nanoseconds. The astronomers had a clear view of the Pulsar’s northern hemisphere and expected to find one hotspot there. Instead, they identified up to three, all of which were located in the southern hemisphere.
-
- X-ray measurements allowed them to make the most precise and reliable calculations of a pulsar’s size to date, with an uncertainty of less than 10%.
-
- This constitutes the first case of astronomers mapping out the surface of a pulsar, and the results indicate that their magnetic fields are more complicated than the traditional dipole model would suggest.
-
- What form does matter take in the ultra-dense cores of neutron stars?”
-
- The main scientific objective is to precisely measure the size and mass of several pulsars. This information will yield valuable clues as to what transpires within their interiors, where matter is compressed to densities that are impossible to simulate in laboratories here on Earth.
-
- The pulsar lies in an isolated region of space 1,100 light-years away in the constellation Pisces. From its perch on the space station science is revolutionizing our understanding of Pulsars. These fast rotating stars were discovered more than 50 years ago to be beacons of stars that have collapsed into dense cores.
-
- When a massive star dies, it runs out of fuel, collapses under its own weight and explodes as a supernova. These stellar deaths can leave behind neutron stars, which pack more mass than our Sun into a sphere roughly as wide as the island of Manhattan is long. Pulsars, which are one class of neutron star, spin up to hundreds of times each second and sweep beams of energy toward us with every rotation. This Pulsar was rotating 205 times per second.
-
- For decades, scientists have been trying to figure out exactly how pulsars work. In the simplest model, a pulsar has a powerful magnetic field shaped much like a household bar magnet. The field is so strong it rips particles from the pulsar’s surface and accelerates them.
-
- Some particles follow the magnetic field and strike the opposite side, heating the surface and creating hot spots at the magnetic poles. The whole pulsar glows faintly in X-rays, but the hot spots are brighter. As the object spins, these spots sweep in and out of view like the beams of a lighthouse, producing extremely regular variations in the object’s X-ray brightness.
-
- A pulsar is so dense its gravity warps nearby space-time, the “fabric” of the universe as described by Einstein’s general theory of relativity, in much the same way as a bowling ball on a trampoline stretches the surface.
-
- Space-time is so distorted that light from the side of the pulsar facing away from us is “bent” and redirected into our view. This makes the star look bigger than it is. The effect also means the hot spots may never completely disappear as they rotate to the far side of the star.
-
- Astronomers may finally be able to decipher the state of matter in the cores of neutron stars, matter crushed by tremendous pressures and densities that cannot be replicated on Earth.
-
- Other Reviews on this subject: Available upon request:
-
- 2156 - Magnetars and pulsars belong to a class of objects called neutron stars, which are big balls of tightly packed neutrons no larger than a big city. When stars above about eight solar masses run out of fuel to burn, they explode in what is called a supernova. What remains can collapses into a neutron star.
- 1897 - The mysterious Neutron Stars, Pulsars, and Quasars create radio bursts of energy that astronomers are still trying to explain.
- 1431 - Pulsar motion is being observed to learn if gravity behaves differently around Neutron stars. Will gravity waves move the pulsars with the passing wave?
- 1397 - Ordinary Matter should be called Ordinary Space. The matter part is almost negligible. Almost all of solid matter is empty space. It is not solid at all. What makes it feel solid is the electromagnetic force.
- 1396 - High school students discover a Pulsar.
- 1376 - How can Pulsars have planets? The Earth as the first planet to be discovered. And, it just happens to be the right size, the right temperature, and orbiting the right star. How lucky can you get? Math: How to calculate the distance to a star.
- 1331 - How Neutron Stars become Pulsars? Eight supernovae explosions have been recorded witnessed by human naked eyes. Spin rates of pulsars slow down as the drag of the strong magnetic field causes a loss of spin energy.
- 1327 - The fastest spinning star? The neutron stars is spinning so fast it would fly apart except for the fact that its surface is solid and harder than a diamond. Math: If the neutron star has a radius of 10 kilometers and is spinning at 716 rotations per second how big was it when it started?
- 1327 - Neutron Stars - The surface is solid and harder that a diamond, 50 trillion times denser than solid lead. Its magnetic field is a trillion times more intense than that of our Sun.
- 1273 - Neutron Star mergers.
- 1192 - The new zoo of Pulsars.
- 642 - Neutron Stars, Pulsars, and Magnetars.
- 861 - Cannon Ball Stars
- 625 - Neutron Stars.
- 21 - Stars grow old.
-
- February 1, 2020 2602
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/ -- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com
--------------------- Saturday, February 1, 2020 --------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment