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-------------------- 2610 - GRAVITY WAVES - measuring the Universes?
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- Looking at the big picture. As big as it gets. The Universe has a diameter of 2 * 10^58 meters, that is 2*10^44 lightyears. But, the Observable Universe is only 27*10^9 lightyears in diameter and light has been traveling 13.4 *10^9 years. These dimensions assume that the Universe is geometrically flat, on average, light travels in a straight line. Of course, we know it bends around cosmic gravity wells, but on average it‘s straight.
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- If astronomers look in opposite directions they see 13.4 billion light years each way. The light from one side has not had enough time to reach the other side that is 27 billion lightyears away.
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--------------------- Light travels 9.4605 * 10^15 meters in one lightyear.
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- We can say the Universe appears flat. But, mathematically a perfectly flat universe is very unlikely, in fact, practically impossible. It would be like balancing a pencil on its point. The slightest disturbance and it falls in one direction or another. So, a geometry for the Universe must be slightly curved like a saddle, ( an open geometry ), or, curved like the surface of a sphere, ( a closed geometry ).
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- A mathematical explanation developed by Alan Guth is that the Universe experienced a spontaneous “symmetry breaking” in the first seconds after the Big Bang and expanded for a short period of time, an enormous expansion faster than the speed of light. He called the event “ Cosmic Inflation.”
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- The cosmic inflation event is thought to have occurred when a unified Universal Force separated into two fundamental forces, the electromagnetic force and the nuclear weak force.
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- If this event occurred the math says the size of the Universe expanded 25 orders of magnitude in 10^-36 seconds. This extreme expansion could explain why the Observable Universe appears flat and the same in all directions.
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- Cosmic Inflation is a theory that needs more evidence. The Theory of Relativity in 1915 implied the existence of a gravitational field that was a distortion of the cosmic fabric of space and time. A time varying source of energy would appear as a time varying distortion, or wave, propagating at the speed of light. We call these distortions “gravitational waves“.
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- Gravity is so weak compared to electromagnetism these waves become very difficult to detect. The theory developed to do the job is “Quantum Field Theory” which attempts to unify ( combine) Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity. At very small scales all ’Fields” are fluctuating, vibrating, including the gravitational field. At the quantum level all particles are waves and all waves are defined by a spectrum of “probabilities” that are in constant flux.
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- Due to Cosmic Inflation any small fluctuations in fields would expand to large wavelengths. Just as “Gamma Ray” light at 380,000 years after the Big Bang is stretched to microwave wavelengths today in the “Cosmic Microwave Background“, CMB. This event was when the Universe was first made transparent to light. Prior to that the charges of particles in the hot plasma contained all the photons of light preventing them from escaping
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- That makes the CMB the oldest ‘visible light” in the Universe. At the time, the light might have been “polarized “ by the electric charges in the plasma. A special distortion produced by gravitational waves could cause the CMB to have a greater amplitude along one axis than along the perpendicular axis. That’s called “ polarization”.
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- A difficulty comes in play in measuring polarization caused by gravity waves because other conditions could cause the same thing, like underlying temperature fluctuations , or polarized dust, for example. Besides the difficulty research continues because gravitational waves interact so weakly with matter they have traveled unimpeded from the beginning of time. All the way back to 10^-36 seconds old.
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- If we could study these early times using gravity waves that would be a great scientific achievement.
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- The Cosmos is a field that stores and releases tremendous amounts of energy during a phase transition. A phase transition is like water suddenly turning in to ice at 32 F. The “Multiverse Theory” is that the phase transition events could have occurred countless times. Then our Universe is one of an infinite number of separate, physically different universes.
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- In our case, life is here simply by accident having an infinite number of possibilities and ours just right with “ finely tuned” parameters allowing us to be here.
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- If the universe were any different I could not be writing this and you could not be reading it. God only know how this all happened.
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- Other Reviews available on this subject:
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- 2457 - GRAVITY WAVES - proving their existence? 100 years after Einstein predicted their existence the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory , LIGO, detected the first gravity waves. The objects that created these waves were two blackholes orbiting each other very rapidly just before merging into a single giant blackhole. The two blackholes were 36 and 29 solar mass.
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- 1841 - The discovery of Gravity Waves and Gamma Rays. Gravity Waves first detected September, 2015. Along with them came a mysterious Gamma Ray flash.
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- 1827 - Gravity Waves Discovered! 2015 discovery, first predicted in 1915. Gravity Waves are observed 100 years later. General Relativity predicted much more, including the expanding Universe, Blackholes, bending light waves, slower clocks, and even stopping time altogether.
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- 1776 - Gravity Waves - What cause them and how are do we intend to detect them. Computer simulations using General Relativity are modeling our investigation.
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- 1754 - How gravity affects the Earth and the Moon, the galaxies and Blackholes.
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- 1751 - All bodies accelerate the same in a gravitational field regardless of mass or composition.
- 1728 - The Universe diameter is 2*10^44 lightyears. But, the Observable Universe is only 27*10^9 lightyears and the light has been traveling for 13.4*10^9 years.
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- 1686 - Measuring the Size of the Universe? Astronomers use the fact that a light gets dimmer the further away it is. There are a lot of uncertainties with the results of this calculation. New measuring tricks may be developed soon using Baryon Waves and Gravity Waves for a better yardstick to measure the size of the Universe.
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- 1536 - Gravity Probe B - Earth’s angular momentum circling the Sun is 10,000,000 times greater that the angular momentum of Earth’s spinning in its axis.
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- 1534 - Gravity lensing. The math involved.
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- 1482 - Enormous Gamma Ray bubbles and jets are shooting our form our galaxy’s Blackhole
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- 1470 - Loop quantum gravity. Are there atoms of space-time?
- 1456 - Our Moon is 1/4th the size of the Earth but only weighs 1% as much.
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- 1419, 1404, 1199 on Gravitational lens
- 1399 Earth’s gravity warps space-time
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- 1323 - What we see in our Universe is extremely limited. Today we have a satellite in orbit that can detect Gamma Rays.
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- 1307 The Gravity of the Details. What are the causes of small errors in our calculations using the equations for gravity? , #974 Gravity - What is it Really?
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- 1155 - What are Gravity Waves? , #1728 Measuring the Universe using Gravity Waves. - #917 - Gravity Waves - mass in motion creates them. Gravity waves are a geometric effect that travels at the speed of light. Gravity waves are carrying away energy.
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- 1052 - If a particle has zero mass than it can only and always travel at the speed of light. Photons do not experience time. For a photon everything happens at once.
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- 917 - Mass in motion creates Gravity Waves. Something planet size and one meter away wound expand and contract only the 100,000th width of a proton.
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- 816 - Why Gravity is so small. If the Electromagnetic Force is 1.00, then gravity force is 10^-36. That is 0.000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,001
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- 711 - Gamma Ray Bursts. The Blackhole remains at the center of the star and all the explosion that occurs takes place outside the Event Horizon.
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- 588 - Gravity Probe B. The experiment to prove the frame dragging effect of a rotating mass, like the Earth.-
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- 43 - Studying gravity waves will allow us to peer far back into the beginning of space-time, to the birth of the Universe.
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- February 8, 2020 1728 2610
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--------------------- Sunday, February 9, 2020 --------------------
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