- 3997 - FORCES OF NATURE - are they one force? Are the Natural Forces combined into a single equivalency? The forces of nature, we take for granted in our natural world. They may have come from a single universal force. And, they may not be forces at all but a warped geometry in space and time.
-------------- 3997 - FORCES OF NATURE - are they one force?
- What we perceive as
forces may be movements in space and movements in time. Not only could all the forces be combined
into this fabric of distorted space, but, everything in our natural world could
be interconnected in this geometric fabric of “space – time”.
-
- Nature has several different pushes and
pulls we call the natural forces.
Gravity is the most familiar, a force we feel every day. There is also the Electric Force between
positive and negative charges. There is
the Magnetic Force between north and south poles.
-
- Inside the nucleus of atoms are the two
nuclear forces, the Weak Nuclear Force and the Strong Nuclear Force. These are the forces that hold the positively
charged protons and the neutrons together inside the nucleus.The first forces to be combined were the electric and magnetic forces
into the electromagnetic force. It was
discovered as the force that was responsible for light and all electromagnetic
radiation from the spectrum of radio, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet,
X-rays, and Gamma Rays.
-
- It was responsible for holding electrons in
the orbits to create neutral atoms.All electromagnetic radiation is oscillating
electric and magnetic forces vibrating sideways but traveling forward at a
constant speed of light. The
electromagnetic bundles of oscillating energy are massless and can only exist
resting inside the atoms or traveling through space at 670,633,500 miles per
hour.
-
- As higher energies were attained in the
laboratories science was able to discover that the Electromagnetic Force and
the Weak Nuclear Force could be combined into a single Electroweak Force. Science theories today believe that at even
higher energies all four forces in Nature will combine into a single Universal
Force.
-
- If we compare the relative strengths of
the 4 forces the Strong Force was appropriately named. If we assign it a strong force coupling
factor of “1“ we can compare it with the
strengths of the other three forces:
-
---------------------------
Strong Force
------------------------- 1
-
--------------------------- Electromagnetic Force ------------
1 / 137 = 0.007
-
--------------------------- Weak Force
----------------------- 0.000001
-
-------- Gravity Force
--------
0.00000000000000000000000000000000000001
-
- The Electromagnetic Force Coupling Factor is
also called the “ Fine Structure Constant”.
It is a dimensionless number responsible for holding all the atoms
together with the same constant force.
Mathematically it can be calculated as:
-
------------------------ Alpha
= 2 * h / u *
c 8 e^2
-
------------------------ h
= Planck’s Constant of Action
-
------------------------ u
= Permeability of a vacuum of
free space.
-
------------------------ c
= speed of light
-
----------------------- e
= electric charge of an electron
and a proton.
-
---------------------- Alpha
= 1/137
-
- The Gravity Force is the force coupling of
two masses, “m” and “M”.
-
------------------- Gravity Force
= F = G *
m * M /
r^2
-
------------------ G
= Gravitational Constant of
proportionality
-
------------------- r
= distance between the masses.
-
- A mass at rest, or moving at a constant
velocity, is in a natural state. No
force is needed to keep in moving or resting.
An external force is required in order to change its natural state. An external force is needed to accelerate a
mass or to decelerate a mass. This is
called the force needed to overcome inertia.
-
------------------ F
= m * a
-
------------------ a
= acceleration or deceleration
-
- All masses fall due to a gravitational
force and they will accelerate at the same rate regardless of the amount
of mass.
Feathers and bowling balls fall at the same rate in a vacuum chamber, or
on the Moon. On Earth’s surface all
masses accelerate at the rate of 9.8 meters per second per second.
-
- Albert Einstein in 1911 formulated that the
gravitational force on a mass and the inertial force on a mass are equivalent (
The Equivalency Principle ).
-
------------------- F gravity
= F inertial
-
-------------------- G * m * M / r^2 =
m * a
-
- The gravity mass and the inertial mass cancel
out of this formula because they are equal.
-
-------------------- G * M
/ r^2 = a
-
- This formula shows us that acceleration
,”a”, due to the Earth’s mass, “M”, and the
Gravitational Constant, “G”, the radius of the Earth, “r”, and is independent
of the mass of the object on its surface, “m”.
-
-------- 6.67*10^-11
m^3 / (kg*sec^2) * 6*10^24
kg /
(6.378*10^6 m)^2 = a
-
---------------------- a
= 9.8 m / sec^2
-
- The other equivalency that Einstein
formulated was the mass and energy were two forms of the same thing.
-
----------------------- E = m * c^2
-
---------------------- E
= 90,000,000,000,000,000 * m
-
- Energy is much, much greater than
mass. It is the speed of light squared
greater , (3 * 10^8 m/sec)^2 = c, 9*10^16 m^2 / sec^2 = c^2
times greater.
-
- If the Gravity Force pulls on mass it must
also pull on energy too, they are equivalent.
If gravity is pulling on light how does light escape from the star?
Light can not slow down. It only has one
speed in space.
-
- But, light can loose energy. When electromagnetic waves loose energy they
still travel at the same speed but they oscillate at a lower frequency. When light looses energy it “ redshifts” When light leaves a massive star its loss of
energy is called “ Gravitational Redshift”.
Light does fall in a gravitational field. Everything that has mass or energy falls
downward with the same acceleration in a gravitational field.
-
------------------------ Shift in frequency /
frequency = - G *
M / R * c^2
-
-------------------------- “M’ and ”R” are the mass and radius of the
star.
-
- The bigger the star’s mass and the smaller
the stars radius ( greater the density) the greater the redshift. In the most extreme case the frequency shift
can equal the frequency.
-
------------------------ Shift in frequency /
frequency = 1
-
- In this case the star is so large the light
is shifted to zero. The star becomes a
Blackhole.
-
- In a Blackhole the force of gravity is
pulling the light energy, so that it is looping back on itself. Light can not escape the Blackhole. But, light’s velocity is still the same. In order for velocity to remain constant,
velocity = space / time , v = d
/ t, the distance must shrink and time
must slow. Around the Blackhole the
space and time are warped back on themselves until space shrinks to a
singularity and time stops.
-
- Blackholes are an extreme case, but around
every mass, it is surrounded by warped
space and time. It is this warped
geometry that is creating gravity. So,
maybe gravity is not a Force at all.
-
- Maybe it is just a change in the geometry
of space and time. If all of Nature’s
forces are truly one force maybe everything is interconnected in this fabric
woven by space geometry and we are all together interconnected in the geometric
fabric of time. Something to ponder!!!
-
May
12, 2023 FORCES OF NATURE - are
they one force? 3997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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“Jim Detrick” -----------
---------------------
--- Friday, May 12, 2023
---------------------------------
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