- 4026 - UNIVERSE - by the Numbers. Astronomers do not know why the constants in nature, the constants in the universe, are the numbers that they are. But, they do know that if they were just a few percentage points different than what they are, the Universe would not exist as we know it. The numbers are what they are or we would not be here to think about it.
---------------------- 4026 - UNIVERSE - by the Numbers
- We know the age of the Universe is
13,800,000,000 years old. If we have a
telescope that can look back at the beginning we could see a galaxy that was
formed 100,000,000 after the Big Bang.
It has taken that galaxy’s light 13,700,000,000 years to reach us. We say the galaxy is 13,700,000,000
lightyears distant.
-
- However, the Universe has been expanding
over that length of time. Actually, the
distance is 78,000,000,000 light years between us and that galaxy today. That is about as far as we can see, since we
cannot see beyond the beginning of the Universe. To us it appears as if we are at a center of
an Observerable Universe that is a sphere 156,000,000,000 lightyears in
diameter.
-
- Astronomers measure the geometry of the
Universe to be “flat”. Therefore the
Universe had to have a rapid “Inflation” of expansion in the first instants of
the Big Bang. This means that the Universe that is outside our Observable
Universe is 100 times larger, or, 1,560,000,000,000 lightyears in diameter.
-
- The volume of the sphere we can see is 1/10,000
the size of the actual Universe that is out there. What’s worse is that what we see in the
Observerable Universe is only 4% of what is there. 96% is Dark Matter and Dark Energy. So,
actually, we can see only 4 /
1,000,000 of our entire Universe.
-
- (So, as a comparison the Pacific Ocean is
13,740 feet deep. If we could see only 8
inches below the surface and did not know what was beyond that is the
percentage of our knowledge available to us.)
-
- The speed of light is one of the fundamental
constants in the Universe. The speed of
light is the same always and everywhere.
There are several “thought to be fundamental constants in the Universe”
that are absolutely unchanging over time, and over space.
-
------------------------------------- Examples are:
-
-------------- the mass of an electron, Me =
9.1*10^-31 kilograms
-
-------------- the force of gravity, G = 6.6*10^-11 meters^3/kilogram /
second^2
-
-------------- the electromagnetic force, 9*10^9 Newton * meter^2/ coulomb^2
-
-------------- the speed of light. c = 3*10^8 meters /
second
-
- The trouble with these fundamental numbers is
that they are man-made depending on the units that man has defined. Inches, pounds, kilometers are simply man’s
definitions used in measurements.
-
- On an Alien planet they would not recognize
these numbers even though what they were measuring was exactly the same, just
in different units. Why can’t we define
these fundamental constants in unitless numbers? We can!
-
- Take Pi for example. If an Alien measures the circumference of any
circle divided by the diameter of that circle he will get the same number,
3.14, regardless of the units of measurement he is using. If we measure the diameter of the circle to
be 10 inches, we will measure the circumference of that circle to be 31.4
inches. Making our fundamental constants
ratio solves the problem of having units.
Pi is unitless 3.14.
-
- The mass of every electron is
9.1093897*10^-31 kilograms, the mass of
every proton is 1.6726231*10^-27 kilograms.
If we take the ratio 9.1 / 16,726 * 10^-31 we get a unitless ratio of
1/1836. Aliens on the other planets will
get the same number, 1 / 1836.
-
- The Fine Structure Constant is 1/137 with no
units. It is the ratio of the speed of
an orbiting electron divided by the speed of light.
-
- Planck’s Constant of Action = “h”
= 1.05*10^-34 kilogram * meters^2
/second. “h” is the energy of every
photon when multiplied by the frequency of the photon’s oscillation. We can develop units using “h” and “G”, the
Gravitational Constant, and “c” the Constant Speed of Light by setting h,
G, c equal to 1 and normalizing the
formulas in the form of Planck Units.
-
- Setting Gravitational Constant, the Speed of
Light, Planck’s Constant of Action
= 1.
-
------------------ G
= c = h = 1
-
------------------ Next we define Planck time, Planck length,
Planck Mass, Planck Density using these
new Planck Units.
-
------------------- Time^2
= h*G / c^5
-
------------------- Time
= 5.4*10^-44 seconds.
-
------------------- This is the shortest unit of time,
theoretically See Review #6 “ The Big
Bang’s First Creations” and Review #368
“ Time Comes to Us in Particles” for all
the math calculations.
-
----------------------- Time
= 10^-44
-
------------------- Length^2
= h * G / c^3
-
------------------- Length
= 1.6*10^-35 meters.
-
-------------------- This is the smallest lump of space. Planck Time is the time it would take a
photon to cross a Planck Length
-
------------------- Length
= 10^-35
-
------------------- Mass^2
= h*c / G
-
------------------- Mass
= 2.2*10^-8 kilograms
-
------------------- Density
= c^5 / h * nG^3
-
------------------- Density
= 5.1*10^96 kilograms / meter^2
-
------------------ Density
= 10^-96 grams per cubic
centimeter.
-
- If you use these Planck Units to measure the
size of the Universe you get:
-
----------------------- Diameter
= 5.4*10^61
-
----------------------- Age
8*10^60
-
----------------------- Mass
= 100,000
-
---------------------- Temperature
= 1.9*10^-32, instead of 2.73
degrees Kelvin.
-
- Note that in Planck Units the size of the
Universe and the Age of the Universe are both 10^61. This is a strange coincidence that I can not
explain.
-
- Martin Reese is an astronomer who came up
with just 6 numbers to describe the forces shaping the Universe.
-
---------------- The first is the ratio of the strength of the
electromagnetic force to the force of gravity.
-
-------------------- Force e / Force G =
10^36 unitless
-
-------------- Force e / Force G =
100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
-
-------------------- The force of gravity is very weak compared to
the electromagnetic force. But, if there
were just a few less zeros only a miniature world could exist. Life could grow no larger than insects and
there would be too little time for biological evolution to happen.
-
---------------- The strength of the Strong and Weak Nuclear
forces that bind protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of atoms.
-
----------------- Force E
= 0.007 unitless
-
----------------- This is the force that transmutes hydrogen,
ie. protons, into all the atoms in the
periodic table. If Force E were 0.006 or
0.008 the Universe would not exist.
-
------------------ The ratio of the amount of matter-energy in
the Universe to the Critical Density that is needed to balance the force of
gravity with expansion so expansion stops at time infinity. ( See Review #1050 for a discussion of
Critical Density, “ The Universe Almost Didn’t Happen”.)
-
-------------------- D / CD
= 0.4
-
------------------ The Cosmological Constant in Einstein’s
formula for the expansion of the Universe.
The Cosmological Constant is very, very small other wise it would have
stopped stars and galaxies from forming.
Constant = 10^-39 grams
/ cubic centimeter.
-
------------------ The ratio of gravitational energy required
to pull galaxies apart to the energy equivalent of the galaxy’s mass. Gravity G
/ Energy M =
1/100,000. unitless.
-
------------------ The number of spatial dimensions in the
Universe.
-
----------------- D
= 3
-
- Astronomers do not know why the constants in
nature, the constants in the universe are the numbers that they are. But, they do know that if they were just a
few percentage points different than what they are, the Universe would not
exist as we know it. The numbers are
what they are or we would not be here to think about it.
-
May 27, 2023 UNIVERSE - by
the Numbers. 1051
4020
-------- Comments
appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ---
--- Some reviews are
at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback,
corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------
jamesdetrick@comcast.net
------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
--------------------- ---
Saturday, May 27, 2023 ---------------------------------
-
No comments:
Post a Comment