- 4019 - ENTANGLEMENT - defies reason? Is the Universe Entangled in Property Pairs that Defy Reason? We have learned that atomic properties come in pairs that are mysteriously linked. If you can gain information about one property you automatically can know less about the other property. These properties have wave distributions that can be linked across great distances.
---------------- 4019 - ENTANGLEMENT - defies reason?
- Entanglement, we may likely be using it
before we can understand it.
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- The Universe seems to be connected in pairs
that seem to be outside our world of reason.
Albert Einstein did not understand it either. Two of his famous quotes were, there can not
be “ spooky action at a distance!” that
happens instantaneously, faster than the information could be exchanged at the
speed of light.
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- And, “ God does not play dice!” when
particles must be described as waves being at too places at once and their
positions determined by probabilities.
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- Werner Heisenberg started all this
confusion in 1925. He began using
quantum theories to explain the colors emitted and absorbed by complicated
atoms. He put energy in quantum packages
that were not continuous but discrete.
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- The color is the frequency of radiation
absorbed or emitted from atoms that corresponds to the energy levels the
electrons are jumping between in the shells around atomic nuclei. Neils Bohr had done the first calculations of
these energy levels around the hydrogen
atom, a single proton, in 1913.
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- Heisenberg’s quantum math treated the
atom’s electrons as particles. His math
calculated and matched the observed
results. Next, Erin Schrodinger used
quantum math again to get the same results only he treated the atom’s electrons
as waves, not particles.
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- Later, Heisenberg’s professor, Max Born,
showed them both that quantum wave math could be interpreted as a “measure of
probabilities” for the particles properties, especially these electrons.
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- The next step was the mysterious connection
between pairs of these particle properties.
Heisenberg took his quantum math to another level and showed that pairs
of particle properties could not be known simultaneously.
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- Take the pair, “ position and momentum” of
a particle. Since momentum is mass times
velocity and the mass in a particular case can be known, lets take the pair “
position and velocity” of a particular particle. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle showed
that knowing the position with greater probability intrinsically meant that you
could know the velocity only with a lesser probability.
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- In fact, the product of the two
probabilities had to equal or be less than “Planck’s Constant of Action”. It was in the math. Taking information from one property
automatically reduced the information you could get from the other
property. ( See Review 1225 - The
Universe is a Computer ).
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- Unobserved, an electron exists in multiple
locations at once, it is a wave. The
Uncertainty Principle allowed measuring only one property or the other, but not
both. Information wise the properties
were paired. Position and velocity were paired.
-
- The same type of pairing occurs between “
time and energy”. You can not get a
measure of the duration of energy and the amount of energy simultaneously. These pairs have wave distributions of
probabilities. Taking away information
of one of the probabilities automatically lessons the information available
about the other probability.
-
- It may be that below the quantum level
there is another level of information that exists in bits and bytes like a
computer. We know that if you treat
atomic properties at the lowest level like spin, charge, position, velocity, as
bits, spin up and spin down, positive charge and negative charge, etc, then
the amount of information that nature can store in a very tiny volume of
space and time is an enormous number.
-
- Maybe that is why the math of statistics
and probabilities is the only way we can describe a world of information too
small to be observed?
-
- Maybe in this unobserved world things are
connected that “appear” very mysterious to us but are the natural world of
reality we are in?
-
- Most of us have learned about the double
slit experiment where photons of light are sent through two slits and an
interference pattern appears on the screen on the other slide of the
slits. This interference wave pattern is
exactly what is expected by interfering waves.
-
- However, this same pattern occurs even
though a single photon is sent to the screen.
It is as if a single photon can go through two slits
simultaneously. It is somehow located at
two places at once. We can almost
comprehend this with waves of particles of light. However, this same experiment has been
repeated with electrons. It has even
been repeated with fullerene molecules composed of 70 carbon atoms. Nature somehow allows particles to be at two
places at once.
-
- Entanglement is another pairing of particles
that Einstein referred to as a “ spooky action at a distance!” When two particles are entangled the property
of one particle is paired with the same property of the other particle. If the particles are separated some distance,
no matter how far apart, measuring the property of one automatically and
instantaneously reveals the property of the other.
-
- If a pair of coins were entangled and one
coin is “ heads” then the other coin is automatically “ tails” at the same
instant. The occurrences are
simultaneously and faster that the speed of light needed to cover the distance
between them.
-
- In 1982 as experiment passed a photon
through a calcium crystal creating an output of polarized light . Splitting the photons creates a pair of
photons that are linked, or , entangled.
Regardless of distance of separating these photons measuring the one
photon as having vertical polarization the other photon will register as having
horizontal polarization. It does not
matter which measurement came first, or, if one is moving and the other is
standing still, or how many times it is repeated, there is a quantum link
between the two entangled photons.
Measuring one automatically determines the other.
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- In 2008 this same experiment was conducted in Japan with detectors separated 11 miles
apart. If information was exchanged
between the photons it would have had to travel 10,000 times faster that the
speed of light. This experiment was
again repeated in two of the Canary Islands separated by 89 miles. Always the same result. Entanglement seems real.
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- In 2010, to make this experiment more
complicated, physicists have used 3 different colored photons, entangled 6 of
these photons, with 8 calcium ions and still getting the same entangled
results.
-
- How can this property of entanglement be
used? We do not understand why it works
or how it works but we do know that it does work. We should be able to use it.
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- Some applications include: instant
communication over great distances. Fast
information processing in quantum computers giving computers the ability to
calculate multiple possibilities simultaneously. Teleportation moving quantum information from
one physical location to another..
Quantum cryptography to send secret messages that could not be
intercepted by Wikileaks.
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- This property of entanglement has existed
since the Universe began. Maybe nature
is already using it. Maybe birds can us
the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate over long distances by entanglement with
their unique brain chemistry. Maybe the
DNA double helix gets pairing through some means of entanglement. Maybe plants use entanglement to allow
photosynthesis to chemically create sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
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- These are possibilities. We have much more to learn about what is going on at the atomic level and below. It effects us mysteriously because we have much more to learn.
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May 21, 2023 ENTANGLEMENT -
defies reason?
2502 4019
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