Saturday, May 27, 2023

4024 - BLACKHOLES - are quasars?

 

-    4024  -  BLACKHOLES -  are quasars?  The extreme environments of black holes are perfect to test physics to its limit.  Blazers are extreme quasars


-------------------   4024   -  BLACKHOLES -  are quasars?

-    Astronomers are using 100 newly found supermassive black holes as a laboratory for extreme physics experiments.  These black holes are nicknamed 'blazars' because they are shooting explosive jets of matter and radiation directly at Earth.

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-    Blazers provide astronomers with opportunities to study theories of relativity, to better understand how particles behave at high energies, to study potential sources of cosmic rays that arrive here on Earth, and to study the evolution and formation of supermassive black holes and their jets.

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-     Blazars launch when some of the matter surrounding a supermassive black hole doesn't fall to its surface, but instead channels to the black hole's poles at speeds approaching that of light.

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-    Because jet activity is directly linked to how supermassive black holes gather mass, unveiling this phenomenon could show how these cosmic titans grow to masses equivalent to millions or even billions of times that of the sun.

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-    Because the jet of a blazar is pointed directly at us, we can see them from much farther away than other black hole systems, similar to how a flashlight appears brightest when you're looking directly at it.   

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-   Astronomers found the new blazars while looking at unclassified high-energy cosmic emissions with telescopes. These newly identified blazars are dim in comparison to typical examples of these powerful cosmic objects, which can often outshine the combined light from every star in the galaxy that hosts them. The dimmer blazers allowed the team to test a controversial theory surrounding blazar emissions, called the 'blazar sequence.'

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-    Blazars emit light across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from low-energy light like radio waves all the way through to extremely energetic gamma rays. The spectrum of light from blazars tends to peak at two specific wavelengths, however: in gamma-ray wavelengths, and in a range of lower-energy wavelengths.  The exact wavelength of these peaks varies from blazar to blazar and can change over time.

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-     With our currently operating telescopes, it's actually very difficult to detect and classify the lower-energy peaked — red — blazars that are also dim, whereas it is much easier to find these blazars when their peaks are at higher energies or when they are bright.

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-   For each blazar seen in gamma rays, the astronomers found a counterpart emission in X-rays, ultraviolet light, or visible light detected by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Getting the Swift data from the archive helped the team characterize the light from 106 new dim blazars.

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-  Blazars launch when some of the matter surrounding a supermassive black hole doesn't fall to its surface, but instead channels to the black hole's poles at speeds approaching that of light. Because jet activity is directly linked to how supermassive black holes gather mass, unveiling this phenomenon could show how these cosmic titans grow to masses equivalent to millions or even billions of times that of the sun.

-

-     Blazars emit light across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from low-energy light like radio waves all the way through to extremely energetic gamma rays. The spectrum of light from blazars tends to peak at two specific wavelengths, however: in gamma-ray wavelengths, and in a range of lower-energy wavelengths. The exact wavelength of these peaks varies from blazar to blazar and can change over time.

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-   The blazar sequence theory predicts that the lower-energy peak for bright blazars will be more towards the red (or lower-energy end) of the electromagnetic spectrum than the same peak for dimmer blazars.

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-   The new work could also show the strength of a blazar jet's magnetic field, and how fast the charged particles within it are moving.  It's important to always work to expand our datasets to reach dimmer and dimmer sources, because it makes theories more complete and less prone to failures from unexpected biases.

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May 27, 2023        BLACKHOLES   are quasars?                   4024                                                                                                                        

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--------------------- ---  Saturday, May 27, 2023  ---------------------------------

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