Monday, June 5, 2023

4037 - GRAVITY TIDAL FORCES

 

-    4037  -  GRAVITY  TIDAL  FORCES  -    Gravity is nature’s weakest force.  There are 4 forces in Nature and it is 10^-38 times weaker than the other nuclear forces.  It feels pretty strong on you but remember you are interacting with a mass of 6.6 million trillion kilotons, 6.6^10^18 tons.


----------------------------   4037   -  GRAVITY  TIDAL  FORCES

-     A small refrigerator magnet can easily pick up a paper clip with all the force of Earth’s gravity pulling against it.

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-    The force of gravity depends on the masses and their distance of separation.  For two orbiting bodies like the Earth and the Moon the areas that face each other are closer to each other and feel a larger gravitational pull.

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-     The near side of the Earth bulges because o a stronger pull and the far side of the Earth bulges outward because of a weaker pull of gravity.  This causes the ocean tides to be perpetually aligned with the Moon.

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-  The Moon orbits in 27.3 days and the Earth spins once every 24 hours.  The tides rise and fall twice a day.  The water’s friction actually slows Earth’s rotation 2.3 milliseconds per day over 100 years.  This slower rotation causes us to add a leap second into our timekeeping.

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-  It is not just the tides that rise and fall.  The ground can rise more that a foot as the Moon passes overhead.

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-  Our Moon is ¼ the size of the Earth but it weighs a lot less.  The Moon is 1% the mass of the Earth and is 239,000 miles away.  Io the inner moon of Jupiter is 20% more massive that our Moon, orbiting a planet the is 318 times more massive that the Earth.  And, it orbit’s a distance of only 23,000 miles away.  Consequently, Io suffers a tidal bulge reaching 100’s of feet.  It causes volcanic eruptions with plumes rising 100 miles high.

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-   Europa is another moon of Jupiter.  The tidal forces are much less but distortions create enough internal heating to create a 62 mile deep water ocean beneath the icy surface.

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-  The Milky Way Galaxy is 1 trillion Solar Mass.  When our galaxy captures a dwarf galaxy it creates a stream of stars torn away in a tidal tail.  The immense gravity on the smaller galaxy will pull it apart like it was run through a taffy puller.

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-  The Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy merging with the Milky Way Galaxy has created a tidal stream that has a full orbit around our Galaxy.  Astronomers calculate that this merger began 4 to 6 billion years ago.

 

 

June 5,  2023        GRAVITY  TIDAL  FORCES             1456      4037

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--------------------- ---  Monday, June 5, 2023  ---------------------------------

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