- 4050 - ELEMENTS - Periodic Table of chemistry? There are 92 natural elements. These are those elements listed in the Periodic Table for Chemistry. We know the heavier elements above hydrogen ( 1 proton) and helium ( 2 protons) are produced in the explosions of stars, called supernovae. Hydrogen and helium were produced in the Big Bang.
--------------------- 4050 - ELEMENTS - Periodic Table of chemistry?
- There are 92
natural elements. These are those
elements listed in the Periodic Table for Chemistry. We know the heavier elements above hydrogen (
1 proton) and helium ( 2 protons) are produced in the explosions of stars,
called supernovae. Hydrogen and helium
were produced in the Big Bang.
-
- The heaviest
natural element is Uranium with (92 protons).
92 protons is about the most the Strong Nuclear Force can hold in the
nucleus of an atom. More protons in the
nucleus and the element tends to decay through radioactivity to a lighter
element.
-
- Our human body is
made up of a few dozen or so elements the top 5 of which are:
-
---------------------
Oxygen --------------- 61%
---------------------
Carbon --------------- 22% -------------- 83%
---------------------
Hydrogen ----------- 10%
---------------93%
---------------------
Nitrogen -------------- 2.5% --------------96%
---------------------
Calcium -------------- 1.4% -------------- 97%
-
- We have an unusual
concentration of heavier elements thanks to the Sun’s gravity and the Angular
Momentum of the orbiting accretion disk that formed our rocky planet. When we
look at the Universe at large hydrogen ( 1 proton) makes up 75% of all the
elements out there. ( That we know about,
we will discuss Dark Matter later ).
-
- Most of the
interstellar medium contains the element hydrogen. In the excited state, with its single
electron in a higher energy shell, it emit’s a red glow of electromagnetic
energy. This is how we identify the
elements in astronomy. Each element has
unique energy states for its electron structure. As electrons move between energy states they
must add or subtract the exact amount of energy in electromagnetic radiation
absorption or emission. When we test the
Moon for hydrogen it has only a trace of this element.
-
----------------------
The natural element abundance in the Universe are:
-
-----------------------
Hydrogen ( 1 proton)
---------------- 75%
-----------------------
Helium ( 2
protons)------------------- 23%
----------------------- Oxygen (8 protons)
---------------------0.26%
----------------------
Carbon (6 protons)
--------------------- 0.10%
----------------------
Nitrogen (7 protons)
------------------- 0.02%
-
- The second most
abundant element is helium ( 2 protons)
Helium is inert and hardly reacts with any other element. Of course, it is essential because it results
from the nuclear fusion in stars. It is
the next step in producing all the heavier elements.
-
- The third most
abundant element in the Universe is oxygen ( 8 protons). This element in contrast reacts with almost
all the other elements. Example: iron
rust is oxidation. Carbon rust is carbon
dioxide. The Moon is 50% oxygen by
weight. Our bodies are over 60% oxygen
by weight.
-
- When oxygen and
hydrogen get together the two most common reacting elements in the Universe we
get water, H2O. It is the water ice that
makes up the rings around the planet, Saturn.
Some moons and all comets are almost entirely made of water ice. Water is its densest at 40 degrees
Fahrenheit. So, water is less dense when
it approaches 32 degrees F. And, water
expands when it freezes into ice crystals.
That is why water ice floats.
Life on Earth would not have made it if ice did not float.
-
- The 4th most abundant element in the Universe is
carbon ( 6 protons). It has the highest
melting point of all the elements. It
reacts with oxygen and hydrogen to create the organic molecules that life is
made of. We are carbon based life.
-
- The 5th
most abundant element is nitrogen (7 protons).
78% of the air we breath is nitrogen gas. Oxygen is the other 21%. That is 99%.
What is the remaining 1%? Few
would guess. It is argon (18
protons). Carbon dioxide that we are more
familiar with is only 1/20th of 1% of the atmosphere we breath.
-
- We have been
talking about the 92 natural elements in the Universe. But, as amazing at it may seem, these
elements make up less than 4% of the Universe.
The rest of what is out there is “ Dark”. Dark Matter makes up 23% of the Universe and
Dark Energy makes up 73% of the Universe in mass/energy.
-
- Remember mass
and energy are the same thing it just takes 9*10^16, or 90,000,000,000,000,000
times more energy to make matter ( in units of joules and kilograms, the
9*10^16 is the speed of light squared.)
-
- The most dangerous
elements in the world come in the form of dihydrogen oxide. It has no taste. It has no smell. It is transparent. It is incompressible under
tremendous pressure. It is extremely
lethal. Responsible for most all the
nature caused deaths in the world.
Depending on its state it can freeze you to death or scald you to
death. It is heavy enough to knock over
tall buildings. It combines with carbon
to form carbonic acid that strips the leaves off of trees and takes the face
off of statues.
-
- With the
tremendous power of gravity it kills many people every year. With the tremendous power of wind and
flooding it causes more deaths and
economic destruction than any of the other elements. Dihydrogen oxide, is H2O, water. Despite all its destruction we owe these
elements our very survival.
-
- We humans are 65%
water. We are more liquid than
solid. A tomato is 95% water. If you dehydrate a tomato there is almost
nothing left. We are fortunate that our
orbit around the Sun does not dehydrate us.
We are just at the right distance to remain liquid. If we were just 1% farther or 5% closer to
the Sun we probably could not exist. The elements are something to ponder.
-
June 11, 2023 ELEMENTS -
Periodic Table of chemistry? 4050
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------- Comments
appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ---
--- Some reviews are
at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback,
corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------
jamesdetrick@comcast.net
------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
--------------------- ---
Monday, June 12, 2023
---------------------------------
-
No comments:
Post a Comment