- 3135 - UNIVERSE - what is it expanding in to? - If the Universe is infinite, how can infinity be expanding? Astronomers believe the Universe is finite and that eventually it comes back on itself. To explain this we have to decide the shape of the Universe. The shape is flat?
----------------------- 3135 - UNIVERSE - what is it expanding in to?
- Astronomers all agree that the Universe is still expanding and that , in fact, it is expanding at an every increasing rate. But, what is the Universe expanding into? It started as a compressed point of energy ( called a Singularity ) and has been expanding for 13,700,000,000 years.
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- The energy released with the Big Bang started the expansion of space and time. So, inside the Universe is space and time, therefore , outside the Universe there is no space nor time. Right?
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- We can not say the outside is “ nothing”, because even nothing has 3 dimensions of space and time that still goes on. But, outside time stops and there are no dimensions. So, what do we call it? It is the same as the Singularity before the Big Bang and before space-time got started. But, what’s that?
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- If the Universe is infinite, how can infinity be expanding? Astronomers believe the Universe is finite and that eventually it comes back on itself. To explain this we have to decide the shape of the Universe. The shape is flat. It could be open or closed in shape. But, we think its flat.
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- To explain the different shapes it has to do with parallel lines. If you fire two photons exactly parallel with each other in the same direction. They stay parallel if the shape is flat. If the Universe is closed it is like the Earth, a sphere.
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- You fire two photos parallel at the equator and they crash together at the poles. In a closed shape parallel lines intersect. If the Universe is open it is like a saddle. Fire 2 photons parallel to each other and they diverge never to meet.
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- Today’s conclusion is that the Universe is flat. It is like a thick sheet of paper in shape with 3 dimensions that are infinitely long in 3 dimensions. If it is finite it is like a donut. On a donut, parallel lines always come back to the same point, eventually. Now, is the Universe really a donut or is that “just the mathematical model” that we use to describe the shape of the Universe?
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- Take the Einstein view of gravity. He says it is curved space-time. But, is space and time really curved or is it that just the mathematical model that best describes space and time in the theory of relativity? So is the Universe in a finite shape of a donut or is that just the mathematical model that seems to fit?
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- Conclusions are that the Universe is flat and finite. But, it must be expanding into something. The outside something is something where space and time do not exist. So, what do you want to call that? Time stops and dimensions are at a diminished point. I’d call it hell!
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- Could outside our Universe be another Universe? Is there an infinite set of parallel Universes out there?
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- There is the theory of Inflation where in the first seconds of the Universe’s expansion it expanded at a logarithmically fast rate and then slowed down to the rate we experience today. Maybe other Universes inflated at the same time. Maybe they are like soap bubbles all expanding and we are living in just one of those soap bubbles.
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- Astronomers had things figured out pretty well until 1998. That is when two supernova redshift teams determined that the Universe was not only expanding, it was speeding up in its expansion. That is when Dark Energy was discovered.
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- Dark energy is an anti-gravity responsible for this accelerating expansion and it represents 70% of all the mass-energy in the Universe. Before then we thought the fate of the Universe would be determined by its geometry. Now we have some unknown force determining the fate of the Universe.
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- Because the speed of light is constant and finite, it acts as both a vision and a look back in time. When we look back in time it appears that gravity was the dominate force in the expanding Universe for 7,000,000,000 years and then it switched and Dark Energy has been the dominate force the last 7,000,000,000 years. But, what is it?
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- Telescopes that observe with photons have taught us a lot. But , to learn more we will have to observe with gamma rays coming from gamma ray bursts in the distant Universe. We need to be able to observe with neutrinos and with gravity waves, or gravitons. There is much more to the Universe than we understand right now. We can not see it all with just “light“.
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- So, what is the Universe expanding into? Another Universe where time and space do not exist. Or, another parallel Universe where the constants of nature are likely to be different than the constants we know and understand here in our Universe.
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- What we think so far is that the Universe is flat and finite, and the mathematical shape of a torus, or toroid. A torus is a surface of revolution obtained by rotating a circle around an axis that lies in the plane of the circle but outside it. It’s a donut.
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- So our life revolves around a donut. No worries, you are such a small speck on the surface it is flat as far as you are concerned. I need another 100,000 years to figure this stuff out???
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- April 24, 2021 2193 3135
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