- 4200
- Index of Reviews 4200 to 4250
- This index is of the 50 reviews from 4200
to 4250. Indices of all previous reviews
is available upon request. Writing
style is stocatto with each paragraph an idea and limited to a few pages in
total. Comments are always welcome. See
https://jimdetrick@blogspot.net
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-
---------------------------------- 4200-
Index of Reviews 4200 to 4250
-
- 4200
- MILKY WAY
GALAXY - is not a flat disk as we thought. We normally thing of our Milky Way Galaxy as a flat disk. Almost like a phonograph record with a bulge
in the middle. But our galaxy disk
appears to be warped and wavy. If our entire galaxy is warping a gigantic blob
of dark matter could be to blame.
-
- 4201
- GRAPH OF
THE UNIVERSE? What if we put on one graph all the masses,
sizes, and relative densities of all the objects in our entire Universe, and
more. What would it look like?
Everything in the Universe fits in this one graph including you and me!
-
- 4202
- MILKY WAY
GALAXY - is it still a spiral? The Milky Way wasn't always a spiral and
astronomers may finally know why it 'shape-shifted'. A century-old mystery of how galaxies change
shapes has been solved by considering 'survival of the fittest' collisions
between cosmic titans.
-
- 4203 -
FREE FLOATING PLANETS?
Hundreds of Free-Floating Planets have been found in the Orion
Nebula. It appears that rogue planets,
free floating worlds that aren’t gravitationally bound to a parent star, might
be more common than we thought. The
James Webb Space Telescope have revealed 540
planetary-mass objects in the Orion Nebula and Trapezium Cluster.
-
- 4204
- MILKY WAY'S
VIOLENT PAST? Galactic
archaeology reveals Milky Way's neighbor Andromeda has a violent past. Chemical analysis of stars in our galaxy next
door has revealed its upbringing was more chaotic than our own galaxy's.
-
- 4205
- SOLAR ACTIVITY
IN 2023. Solar maximum will arrive sooner and last
longer than previously expected. This
year, 2023. It's a pretty significant
change. The prediction places “Solar
Cycle 25's” peak of activity known as "solar maximum" between January
and October 2024. The peak will be earlier, stronger and last longer than
estimates made in 2019.
-
- 4206
- MILKY WAY
- shaped by dark matter? A galactic archaeology project has
revealed the Milky Way’s neighboring galaxy, Andromeda, has a violent and
dramatic history. Astrophysicists
looked at the chemical compositions of stars in Andromeda, which is the closest
large galaxy to our own. The goal was to reconstruct its past.
-
- 4207
- SOLAR ACTIVITY
- maximum in 2023? Signs the sun is gearing up for its
explosive peak — the solar maximum.
Experts believe the upcoming solar maximum could be more active and
arrive sooner than previously expected.
-
- 4208
- SPACETIME -
which is it space or time? The
idea that time and space are best described as spacetime, and that spacetime
itself is a dynamical thing that tells us about gravity, has really held up
over the past many years of data-taking.
-
- 4209
- ASTEROID -
impacts and Earth's Interior ?
An asteroid came uncomfortably close to Earth in July. Could we have
stopped it? In July, 2023, an asteroid
roughly 30 to 60 meters across passed Earth to within one-quarter of the
distance to the moon. If it had struck Earth it would have created a blast
three times greater than the 2013 Chelyabinsk impact. And we only noticed it
two days after it passed.
-
- 4210
- MILKY WAY - rotation tells us size? The Moon rotates around the Earth. The Earth rotates around the Sun. The Sun rotates around the Galaxy. What is the rotation of the galaxy around? Well if we know it we can calculate the mass
of the Galaxy.
-
- 4211
- BIG BANG
- how the universe started? How did the universe come to be? How did it start? Science calls it the Big Bang? What is it?
Why study it? What happened before? How will it all end? 13.8 billion years ago, the greatest event in
all of existence occurred that literally created existence itself.
-
- 4212
- FAST RADIO
& GAMMA RAY BURSTS?
- Fast Radio Bursts are
intense bursts of radio energy lasting anywhere from a fraction of a
millisecond to a few seconds, typically with a frequency of around 1,400 MHz,
and we still don’t know what causes them.
-
- 4213
- JUPITER -
gets photo bombed? Jupiter
looks bizarre in Hubble's new ultraviolet image. This ultra-cool image of Jupiter taken by the
Hubble Space Telescope. This is a color composite picture of Jupiter seen in
ultraviolet, which reveals different features in Jupiter’s atmosphere. One
feature that stands out is Jupiter’s Great Red Spot — it is blue in this image!
-
- 4214 -
ANDROMEDA GALAXY - will
collide with us? Galactic archeology
reveals Milky Way's neighbor Andromeda has a violent past. Chemical analysis of stars in the galaxy has
revealed its upbringing was more chaotic than our own galaxy's.
-
- 4215
- EARTH'S OLDEST
TREES - Rumors of their death were greatly
exaggerated. So said the Wollemi pine. It was thought to have gone
extinct 2 million years ago until it was rediscovered by a group of hikers in
1994. Now, scientists have decoded its genome to understand how it's survived
almost unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs.
-
- 4216
- SUPERNOVA -
witness to an early explosion?
The tumultuous massive star, in the final year or so of its life,
ejected large amounts of matter into space before going supernova. This massive star that exploded in the
Pinwheel Galaxy in May, 2023, appears to have unexpectedly lost approximately
one sun's worth of ejected mass during the final years of its life before going
supernova.
-
- 4217
- EXOPLANETS - and
merging galaxies? Exoplanets are
planets outside our own solar system. We
have 8 planets. Plus, several “dwarf
planets' including Pluto. The Kepler
spacecraft has discovered most of the confirmed exoplanets that we know of
beyond our solar system. But its
successor, TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), is catching up. Over 5,000 exoplanets have been discovered.
-
- 4218
- GANYMEDE -
Jupiter’s largest satellite - The ”Juno mission” continues to orbit
Jupiter, gathering data on its atmosphere, composition, gravitational field,
magnetic field, and radiation environment. This data is helping scientists to
learn more about the planet’s formation, internal structure, mass distribution,
and what is driving its powerful winds.
-
- 4219
- CURIOSITY -
robot exploring Mars?
Curiosity has been traversing its planetary subject since 2012. Curiosity is now headed to find a path above
the ridge to learn about the watery history of Mount Sharp on the planet Mars.
-
- 4220 -
SOLAR ECLIPSE - and
solar flares October 31, 2023, a
powerful explosion from the sun briefly opened up an enormous valley on the
solar surface that was more than twice as wide as the contiguous U.S. and seven
times longer than Earth.
-
- 4221
- ASTEROIDS -
what can we learn from samples? - After a years-long mission to collect and
retrieve rock samples from the potentially hazardous asteroid Bennu. The sample, between 3.5 to 8.8 ounces of
rocky space rubble collected from the asteroid Bennu's surface contains water
and carbon. The sample was hurtled back
to Earth at speeds of up to 27,000 mph, September 24, 2023.
-
- 4222
- ISAAC NEWTON
- light discovered in rainbows? Isaac Newton (1642-1727) an English
mathematician, physicist and astronomer, author of the theory of “terrestrial
universal attraction” dispersing light with a glass prism, and engraving
colorized result as a property of light.
-
- 4223
- SUN -
facts about age, size and history?
The sun lies at the center of the solar system, where it is by far the
largest object. It holds 99.8% of the solar system's mass and is roughly 109
times the diameter of the Earth. One
million Earths could fit inside the sun.
-
- 4224
- THEORY OF
RELATIVITY - defines speed of light? The theory of relativity is simple and
elegant. It is also maddeningly
nonintuitive. There is one feature of Einstein’s work that takes center stage,
and would eventually lead him into a complete reshaping of Newton’s gravity,
altering our very conceptions of the fabric of the universe.
-
- 4225
- GAMMA RAY
BURSTS - observed creating elements needed for life.
James Webb Space Telescope used to observe an exceptionally bright gamma-ray
burst, GRB 230307A, and its associated kilonova. Kilonovas are an explosion produced by a
neutron star merging with either a black hole or with another neutron
star. They are extremely rare, making it
difficult to observe these events.
-
- 4226
- GENERAL RELATIVITY
- does not explain? How general relativity fails to explain the
universe? As new and powerful telescopes
gather fresh data about the universe, they reveal the limits of older theories
like Einstein's relativity.
-
- 4227
- EINSTEIN'S THEORY
- must be wrong? Einstein's “general relativity” fails to
explain the universe. As new and
powerful telescopes gather fresh data about the universe, they reveal the
limits of older theories like Einstein's relativity
-
- 4228
- UNIVERSE -
expanding but how fast? One of
the great unsolved mysteries of cosmology is “Universe Expansion Rate”, known
as the “Hubble tension”. It stems from our inability to pin down the precise
rate of cosmic expansion.
-
- 4229
- LIGHT SPEED
- Faster than the speed of
light? When we measure how fast the
Universe is expanding we measure how much the light waves have shifted to the
red end of the light spectrum. The
results tell us the universe is expanding faster than light travels?
-
- 4230
- CENTAURS -
discovered in asteroid belt.
Centaurs are small planetary bodies that orbit between Jupiter and
Neptune and have baffled astronomers for sharing characteristics with both
asteroids and comets. Centaurs got their name after the mythical half-horse,
half-human creatures called centaurs due to their dual characteristics
-
- 4231
- SPACETIME -
galaxies leaving exceed that.
How can the universe expand faster than light travels? The supreme law of the universe is nothing
can go faster than the speed of light.
Yet, some galaxies are moving
away from us faster than the speed of light. What gives?
-
- 4232 -
EXOPLANETS - and free floating
planets. Hundreds of Free-Floating
Planets Found in the Orion Nebula. It
appears that rogue planets, free floating worlds that aren’t gravitationally
bound to a parent star might be more common than we thought.
-
- 4233
- ROGUE PLANETS
- free- floating planets? Hundreds of Free-Floating Planets found in
the Orion Nebula. It appears that rogue
planets, free floating worlds that aren’t gravitationally bound to a parent
star, might be more common than we thought. New data from the James Webb Space
Telescope have revealed 540 planetary-mass objects in the Orion Nebula and
Trapezium Cluster.
-
- 4234
- COMET - the
devil is making closest approach? The
'devil comet' headed for Earth loses its horns and turns green after latest
volcanic eruption. This violent eruption
of the cryo-volcanic comet “12P/Pons-Brooks”,
will make its long-awaited closest approach to Earth next year, 2025.
-
- 4235
- LIGHTSPEED -
measured to the nearest second?
Scientists are discussing whether it's time to redefine the second again
according to optical clock oscillations, using UV and visible light sources in
place of microwaves. But while several
important questions still need to be answered before this happens, it's clear
that the precise definition of a second is subject to change.
-
- 4236
- EXOPLANETS - home
of extraterrestrials? The search for
extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) will likely be sped up thanks to new
results that narrow down how alien radio signals would drift in frequency as a
result of the Doppler shift caused by their home planet's orbit around its
star.
-
- 4237
- WEBB NEW
DISCOVERIES - the oldest galaxies? James Webb Space Telescope has discovered
a cosmic 'peanut' and 'fluff ball' that happen to be two of the four oldest
galaxies in the known universe. The
second- and fourth-most distant galaxies ever seen have been confirmed using
the James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam).
-
- 4238 -
ANTIMATTER - responds to gravity? Theory has it that the universe expanding
out of nothing? There equal amounts of
matter and antimatter that add up to zero.
There were equal charges of electrons and protons that add up to zero..... etc. What about gravity and antigravity?
-
- 4239
- EINSTEIN'S SPACETIME
- In Einstein’s famous theory
of relativity the concepts of immutable space and time aren’t just put aside,
they’re explicitly and emphatically rejected. Space and time are now woven into
a coexisting fabric. We truly live in a
four-dimensional universe. Space and time alone cease to exist; only the union
of those dimensions remains, spacetime.
-
- 4240
- COSMIC RAYS -
biggest ever found? The
"God Particle", the Higgs
Boson grants all other particles their
masses. There's the so-called "Oh
My God!" particle, an unimaginably energetic cosmic ray. But now we have a new particle. It's
named the "sun goddess"
particle.
-
- 4241
- UNIVERSE - on a
single graph! Everything in the known
Universe fits in this one graph. Even the impossible stuff. The Universe has physical constants, such as
the force of gravity that define everything. If these constants were any
different, our Universe would look quite different.
-
- 4242
- GALAXIES -
oldest ever seen? James Webb
Space Telescope has discovered a cosmic 'peanut' and 'fluff ball' that happen
to be two of the four oldest galaxies in the known universe. The second- and fourth-most distant galaxies
ever seen (UNCOVER z-13 and UNCOVER z-12) have been confirmed using the James
Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam).
-
- 4243
- MOON - how
old is the moon? An object the size
of Mars crashed into the Earth over 4 billion years ago, creating a cloud of
debris that formed the Moon. When the Apollo astronauts landed on the lunar
surface, they found and brought back Moon rocks that helped pinpoint when this
event happened.
-
- 4244
- MOON - what
is a Beaver Moon? - The full moon of 2023 will shine on Monday,
November, 27, in the form of the “Beaver Moon”. At the exact moment of the full moon, the
moon will be 180 degrees away from the sun as viewed from the center of Earth,
shining brightly in the constellation of Taurus, the Bull.
-
- 4245
- SPACE GRAVITY - how fast is? How can the universe expand faster than
light travels? It seems like it should
be illegal. The supreme iron law of the
universe is that nothing can go faster than the speed of light. Nothing further needs to be said about the
issue, but here is more!
-
- 4246 -
MILKY WAY GALAXY - new
discoveries? The supermassive black
hole at the heart of our galaxy isn't just spinning, it's doing so at almost
maximum speed, dragging anything near it along for the ride.
-
- 4247
- URANUS - new
discoveries? Uranus is the coldest
planet in the solar system. It is the seventh planet from the sun, orbiting in
the outer solar system, about two billion miles from Earth. It is an enormous
world, quadruple the diameter of Earth, with 15 times the mass and 63 times the
volume.
-
- 4248
- EXOPLANETS - many new discoveries! Scientists have four methods of detecting
exoplanets. The “transit method” is the most prolific, but there’s also the
radial “velocity method”, “astrometry”, and,
“direct imaging”. Each one works differently, has different strengths
and weaknesses, and is better at finding some planets around different types of
stars than others.
-
- 4249
- COSMIC RAYS - the
highest energy? In 1991, the University
of Utah Fly’s Eye experiment detected the highest-energy cosmic ray ever
observed. The “Oh-My-God particle”,
cosmic ray’s energy shocked astrophysicists. Nothing in our galaxy had the
power to produce it, and the particle had more energy than was theoretically
possible for cosmic rays traveling to Earth from other galaxies. Simply put,
the particle should not exist.
-
- 4250
- FAST RADIO BURSTS
- These Fast Radio Burst took
8 billion years to reach us. What was
the universe like 8,000,000,000 years ago?
Fast Radio Bursts are intense bursts of radio energy lasting anywhere
from a fraction of a millisecond to a few seconds, typically with a frequency
of around 1,400 MHz, and we still don’t know what causes them.
-
-
October
27, 2023 Index of Reviews 4200 to 4250 4200
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--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for
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--- to:
------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net
------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
---------------------
--- Wednesday, January 3,
2024 ---------------------------
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