- 4309 - HOLOGRAH UNIVERSE - Einstein's idea? - Gravity, according to Einstein is mass and energy bending the shape of spacetime, and the bending of spacetime becomes an actor, affecting the paths and motions of everything else. He was able to marry his concept of special relativity, that there are no fixed, universal standards of reference, with the gravitational force.
--------------- 4309 - HOLOGRAH UNIVERSE - Einstein's idea?
- Twenty-five years
ago, physicist Juan Maldacena proposed the “AdS/CFT correspondence”, an
intriguing holographic connection between gravity in a three-dimensional
universe and quantum physics on the universe's two-dimensional boundary.
-
- Even a quarter
century after Maldacena's discovery, just a conjecture. A statement about the nature of the universe
that seems to be true, but one that has not yet been proven to actually reflect
the reality that we live in.
-
- Even the mere
appearance of the correspondence is more than suggestive. It's telling that
there is something deeply fundamental to the hologram, that the physics of the
volume of the universe might just translate to the physics on the surface, and
that there is more to be learned there.
-
- It's one thing to
cast problems of physics in a new language, even a new set of dimensions, to
make them easier to solve. Physics
abounds with such mathematical tricks and games that practitioners employ to
solve challenging problems and move on to the next one. But the AdS/CFT
correspondence, and the more general holographic principle that it represents,
is so much more than a mathematical curiosity.
-
- Remember that the
essential goal here is to describe gravity, which for centuries we believed to
be just another force of nature, just one more interaction that entities in the
cosmos can use to interact with each other. But gravity does stand alone and
unique among all the forces.
-
- Gravity is the
only force emitted and felt by every single entity in the cosmos. Anything with
mass, anything with energy, creates a gravitational influence around it. And so
too does anything with mass, anything with energy, anything with what we call
existence respond to that gravitational influence.
-
- Kepler was right
to discern something special about the motions of the heavenly objects and
connect those motions to our lives here on Earth. Newton was right to label it
a force, a set of invisible strings that connect all of creation. Einstein was
right to cast gravity not in terms of pushes and pulls, but in terms of the
very fabric of spacetime itself.
-
- The “holographic
principle”, whether applied to the surface of a black hole and its mysterious
contents or the relationship between string theory and quantum physics, is also
telling us something meaningful about gravity. But Einstein already taught us
what gravity is, it's no mere force, but the natural response we living
entities experience when we encounter the bends and wrinkles of spacetime.
-
- Another name for
general relativity is “geometro-dynamics”, the dynamics of geometry itself.
Gravity is space and time and matter and energy all rolled into one breathing,
vibrant system. What we call the universe is simply the container for all that
activity, all the breadth of space and depth of time and complexity that fills
it.
-
- We have failed to
find a quantized theory of gravity. We have no description of what truly
happens at the boundary of a black hole. Black holes may truly be described
only by their surfaces, their boundaries, their edges, rather than their full
extents.
-
- And when we apply
this same chain of reasoning, that holography is a vital component to the
quantum gravitational puzzle, out comes the “AdS/CFT correspondence” and a
potential path to “string theory”.
-
- In Einstein's
theory of relativity the concepts of space and time aren't just put aside,
they're explicitly and emphatically rejected. Space and time are now woven into
a coexisting fabric. We truly live in a
four-dimensional universe. Space and time alone cease to exist; only the union
of those dimensions remains.
-
- This is what
physicists give a single word: “spacetime”.
There are only three spatial dimensions. And beyond that, you can't even
think of a fourth spatial dimension, because our brains evolved in a
three-dimensional world.
-
- The flow of time
from past to future sits as its own dimension.
Physicists bind the three spatial dimensions and singular temporal
dimension into the unified framework of spacetime. In the physics of Newton,
that spacetime is the stage, and we, the objects and contents of the universe,
are the actors.
-
- But in general
relativity, the stage itself becomes the starring actor. To make a theory of gravity compatible with
the relativity of space and time (now spacetime), Einstein realized that
gravity is not a force at all, at least not of the kind envisioned by Newton.
-
- Spacetime is not a
fixed stage, but a flexible membrane that suffuses the entirety of existence.
It is a thing, an object and entity in its own right, a dynamical actor in the
cast of characters in the universe. The universe consists of the usual
assortment of particles and radiation and all their wonderful interactions, and
those interactions don't happen on top of spacetime but along with spacetime,
which has now joined their ranks.
-
- Mass and energy
which do not need to be strictly separated, as they are now regarded as
equivalent thanks to Einstein's special theory, change the shape of spacetime
in their vicinity. You have mass and you
have energy. The spacetime within you, throughout you, and near you is now
distorted thanks to that mass and energy. Space and time are changed thanks to
your existence.
-
- In the language of
Einstein there are no forces, no invisible strings. There is only spacetime and
spacetime alone. In Einstein's radical reevaluation of gravity, all objects
travel in straight lines, always and forever. But the spacetime that those
objects must traverse bends beneath them.
-
- A hiker making
their way from one point to another may travel in a straight line, according to
a map and according to their feet, which are always placed directly in front of
one another with every step, but, must
follow the bends and curves along the trail, lest they get lost in the
wilderness.
-
- And so
objects, masses, planets, beams of
light, always travel in straight paths, but "straight" only in the
sense that every step forward is always placed directly in front of the
previous. The spacetime underneath and around those objects bends, and so too
does the path the object takes.
-
- This is gravity,
according to Einstein. Mass and energy bend the shape of spacetime, and the
bending of spacetime becomes an actor, affecting the paths and motions of
everything else.
-
- With this
awakening of gravitational insight, Einstein was able to successfully marry his
concept of special relativity, that there are no fixed, universal standards of
reference, with the gravitational force.
-
- In other words,
not even spacetime itself is immune from the relativistic effects of differing
viewpoints, and that mutation of spacetime gives rise to our experience of
gravity.
-
-
January 8, 2023 HOLOGRAH UNIVERSE
- Einstein's idea? 4309
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