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----------------------------- 2214 - Dark Matter - What is holding galaxies together?
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- Dark Matter is what is holding our own galaxy together. And, this same observation is repeated with every other galaxy that astronomers have studied. Their math formulas would not work if there was not some unknown gravity pull holding them together.
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- And , the rotational velocity of the stars at the edge of the galaxies is the same a those near the center. Again, the math requires a huge mass surrounding the galaxy. This is the opposite for our solar system. The planets at the outskirts like Pluto have much slower rotational velocity than the planet Mercury that is near the center. The math works.
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- To explain this observation with the math that we understand there must be some unseen mass surrounding the outside of the galaxy. It is called Dark Matter because it does not interact with electromagnetic forces like ordinary matter. It is matter that we cannot see but we can measure because it does interact with gravity.
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- Our five senses interact with the electromagnetic energy. Dark Matter does not. Matter by our definition is what interacts with gravity. We know Dark Matter is there because of how it interacts with stars in our galaxy and the same with other galaxies and with clusters of galaxies. Measurements have repeatedly confirmed its existence.
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- Most recently have been measurement of gravitational lensing created by light ending around clusters of galaxies. Again, the math says the mass is there.
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- Astronomers have detected merging galaxies that are colliding and the collision is separating visible matter and invisible matter. Dark Matter carries five times more mass than ordinary matter. Without it the construction of galaxies and our own existence would not have happened.
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- Dark Matter should really be called transparent matter because light passes right through it. What is it? Is it a new fundamental particle yet to be discovered. Could it be miniature blackholes that we cannot see? Is there more than one particle involved in dark matter interactions?
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- Will the Large Hadron Collider at CERN detect some new particles that could explain dark matter? All these questions are a promising target for research. We know it exists , we do not know what it is? Astronomy should view it today as a wonderful mystery.
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- Footnotes:
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- (1) Universe is 4.9% f mass -energy that we know and think we understand. Dark matter is 26.8% outnumbering normal matter by 5 to 1. The remaining 68.3% is a negative pressure that is accelerating the expansion of the universe.
- (2) Other Reviews available on the subject:
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- 1850 - Dark Mater is 23% of the Universe. It is 90% of all matter. Do we need new math to discover this? Is it new mass or is it undiscovered energy acting like mass?
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- This review lists 20 more reviews written about Dark Matter.
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- This Review also lists 6 more Reviews about Dark Energy.
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- 1823 - Was Dark Matter responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs? Earth passes through the disk of our Milky Way galaxy every 32 million years.
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- 1820 - What do we know about Dark Matter? This Review lists 8 facts that we have concluded today. Every galaxy is in the center of its own visible Universe.
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- 1777 - The mass of the galaxy interior to the Sun’s orbit is 66,000,000,000 times the mass of the Sun. This gives you an idea of how many stars there are since the Sun’s orbit is only 1/3 of the way to the edge of the galaxy.
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- This review lists 12 more Reviews about dark matter. What a mystery?
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- 1658 - Does the math as to why our galaxy should be flying apart.
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- 1594 - Why is 96% of the universe dark?
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- 1576 - We need a breakthrough in physics to explain dark matter.
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- December 13, 2018
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-------------------------- Thursday, December 20, 2018 --------------------------
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