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--------------------- 2549 ASTRONOMICAL FACTS:?
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-. There are 88 star constellations like Orion, Leo, Pisces, etc., including the 12 constellations that are in astrology. I am a Capricorn, one of the 12 constellations the Sun and planets pass through during the course of a year orbiting the Sun. One orbit looks through 360 degrees of star constellations.
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-. The largest moon of Jupiter, Ganymede, is larger than the planet Mercury.
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-. Our closest star, Proxima Centura, is 4.2 light-years away, that is 24,696,000,000,000 miles away..
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-. 8,692 craters on the moon and water ice was found on the one named Cabeus Crater.
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-. Europa is a moon of Jupiter that has plate tectonics , similar to that found on Earth.
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-. Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, has a subsurface ocean that feeds geysers that shoot ammonium water into space.
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-. The most luminous star, the brightest, that we can see with the naked eye is 34 Cygni. It is 610,000 times brighter than our Sun.
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-. If the Earth was the size of a tennis ball the Sun would be 24 feet across and a ½ mile away.
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-. Last October 19, 2014, a comet passed within 87,000 miles of Mars
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-. If there was a tunnel 8,000 miles long through the center of the Earth and you jumped in you would reach a top speed of 17,670 miles per hour, and, you would reach the other side in 42 minutes and 12 seconds.
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-. Only 40% of the Sun's light energy is visible light. 50% is infrared, and 10% is ultraviolet.
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-. The biggest black hole found weighs 21,000,000,000 Solar Mass.
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-. The Sun is 73.9% hydrogen, 24.69% helium, 0.63% oxygen, 0.22% carbon, and 0.17% neon. That total is 99.61%, the remaining are trace elements.
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-. The Kepler Space Telescope launched in 2009 has discovered 4,183 planet candidates, 996 of these are confirmed to be planets orbiting other stars.
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-. The Boomerang Nebula has a temperature of 1 degree Kelvin above absolute zero, which is -273 degrees centigrade.
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-. There is one crater on Mars that covers 40% of the surface.
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-. Our Earth's equator rotates 1,038 miles per hour. The star Altair Aquilae rotates 640,800 miles per hour.
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-. The Sun contains 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System.
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-. The mass of the Universe has been calculated to be 13,798,000,000 years old.
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-. Saturn is the only planet having a density less than water, water is 1,000 kilograms per cubic meter.
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-. The surface of the planet Venus is 864 degrees Fahrenheit, at least 75 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than the planet Mercury that is 31 million miles closer to the Sun.
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-. The Sun converts 4 million tons of mass to energy every second. E = mc^2, E = 384.6 *10^24 watts per second. The Earth receives 1 / 2,000,000,000th of this energy.
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-. 75% of all normal matter in the universe is hydrogen.
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-. 132 of the 59,379 meteorites found on Earth came from Mars.
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-. Venus has no seasons because its north rotating pole always points toward the Sun. Uranus is laying on its side making its seasons last 21 years.
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-. 1,300,000 Earths could fit inside the sphere of the Sun.
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-. There are an estimated 125,000,000,000 galaxies in the Observable Universe.
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-. The largest meteorite found on Earth is Hobairon, and it weighs 60 tons.
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-. In January the Earth is 1,300,000 miles closer to the Sun than it is in July. So, why are the seasons the opposite of to what is expected?
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-. The Full Moon appears as ½ arc degree, 31 arc minutes. This is equivalent to a quarter viewed at a distance of 8.85 feet. Mars is 25.1 arc seconds, equivalent to a quarter at 650 feet away.
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-. Cosmic inflation started 10^-36 seconds after the Big Bang and lasted 10^-33 seconds. The expansion was a factor of 10^50 reaching the size of a softball.
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-. The asteroid Vesta has the tallest mountain rising 14 miles above the surface.
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- There are 8,768 stars brighter than Magnitude 6.5. Only 8 are brighter than 0.5 to the naked eye.
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-. Uranium and lead meteorites have been measured to be 4.567 billion years old.
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-. The largest impact crater is in South Africa is 190 miles in diameter.
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-. An Astronomical Unit, an AU, is 149,597,870,700 meters long. An AU is the Earth-Sun distance which is about 93 million miles.
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-. Within 32.6 light-years of Earth there are 358 stars, other “suns“.
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-. The largest star found is 1,700 times the diameter of our Sun.
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-. As of 2015, 51 spacecraft have visited Mars. 24 of them were sent by the United States.
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-. Meteors enter our atmosphere at 130,000 to 160,000 miles per hour.
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-. At our equator the rotation speed is 1,028 miles per hour, traveling east. At Jupiter's equator the rotation speed is 27,900 miles per hour.
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-. Mercury's day to night temperature varies -280 F to +800 F. That is a range of 1,080 degrees in temperature change.
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-. The Moon orbits the Earth in 27.3 days, but, the New Moon to New Moon is 29.5 days.
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-. The asteroid Ceres was discovered in 1801. The Dawn spacecraft will visit Ceres in 2015.
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- The largest infrared satellite launched weighed 7,500 pounds. It was named Herschel.
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-. Sedna is a dwarf planet that takes 11,400 years to orbit the Sun.
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-. Mars atmosphere is 95.9 % carbon dioxide, 2 % argon, 1.9 % nitrogen, 0.14 % oxygen, 0.06 % carbon monoxide.
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-. The speed of light in a vacuum is 670,616,629 miles per hour. I
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-. 1994 spacecraft discovered water ice at the Moon's south pole.
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-. The Moon's orbit is moving away from the Earth at 1.5 inches per year due to the loss of energy in Earth’s ocean tides.
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-. The Sun converts 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 million tons of helium each second.
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-. The Moon reflects only 12 % of sunlight.
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-. The star formation in the Universe today is only 3.33 % of its peak rate.
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-. We are discovering new comets at the rate of one every 2.59 days.
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-. The Space Shuttle flew 135 times between 1981 and 2011.
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-. When the universe was 14 million years old the background temperature was 80 degrees F, a summer day on Earth. Today the background temperature is 2.73 Kelvin, or -455 degrees F.
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- Jupiter has 67 moons, Saturn has 62, Uranus has 27, Neptune has 14, Pluto has 5, Mars has 2, and Earth only one.
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-. It takes a photon 40,000 years on average to emerge from the surface of the Sun after being created in the core.
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-. Dark Matter is 85 % of the total matter and 26.8 % of the total matter-energy.
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-. Earth orbits the Sun at 66,616 miles per hour, on average.
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-. 20 % of the Cosmic Background Radiation comes from Blackholes’ accretion disks.
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-. Jupiter takes 4 days to travel the width of a Full Moon, one half degree. Pluto takes 130 days to travel the width of the Full Moon.
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-. The Andromeda Galaxy, M 31, has a mass exceeding 1 trillion Solar Mass.
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-. Our North Star, Polaris, is the 48th brightest star in the sky.
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-. The less massive star the longer it lives, burning fuel more slowly. A Red Dwarf star
8 % the mass of the Sun lives for 11 trillion years.
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-. Jupiter's Great Red Spot has shrunk from 25,500 miles across in the year 1800 to 10,250 miles across in the year 2014.
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-. The closest and fastest star speeding away from the center of our galaxy is traveling 1,065,600 miles per hour.
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-. Earth continuously produces 22 trillion watts of energy in radioactive decay of uranium and thorium.
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-. We have four seasons thanks to Earth's tilt to the plane of orbit by 23.437458 degrees.
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-. Earth's sunrise takes 2.13 minutes.
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-. A person weighing 200 pounds at the North Pole. Would weigh 199 pounds at the equator due to centrifugal force. The equator is rotating over 1000 miles per hour.
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- Venus rotates at its equator only 4 miles per hour.
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- Each year the Earth gets 100,000 cubic miles of rain due to water evaporation.
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- The air on Mars is 100 times thinner than the air on Earth.
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- If you would drive your car at 70 miles per hour to the nearest star it would take you 356 billion years to get there.
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- What is the escape speed to leave the gravity pull of the Milky Way Galaxy? 1,230,000 miles per hour.
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- 80% of the stars in the Universe are smaller than our Sun
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- Each second 100 trillion neutrinos pass through your body, Ouch!
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- Red Giant stars in the Milky Way halo are 890,000 lightyears away. The diameter of the Milky Way is 100,000 lightyears.
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- The majority of Blackholes only have a diameter of 18 miles.
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- The massive star in the Large Megellanic Cloud galaxy is 265 Solar Mass and 8,700,000 times the Sun’s Solar Luminosity.
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- If the Earth was compressed into a Blackhole it would have a diameter of ¾ inches.
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- The Blazar emits enough energy in one second to power the Sun for 317,000 years.
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- The smallest galaxy only has 1,000 stars.
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- Saturn's moon Titan has a salty ocean below its 30 mile ice shell.
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- The Milky Way galaxy has only rotated 60 times since birth.
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- A 200 pound man only weighs 33 pounds on the Moon
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- If the Universe was not expanding the whole night sky would be bright with starlight.
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- Jupiter's moon, Io, has 160 volcanoes. Some sending plumes 185 miles high. The heat is generated by Jupiter's massive tidal gravity.
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- The Sun's density today is 1,408 kilograms per meter^3 ,but, when it evolves into a White Dwarf star its density will be 1,000,000,000 kilograms per meter^3.
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- The Observable Universe contains 10^80 atoms.
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- In one nanosecond light travels one foot.
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- The Milky Way forms one Solar Mass per year in new stars.
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- 10 to 40 tons of meteorite dust enter Earth's atmosphere each day.
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- Over 1 trillion comets reside in the Ort Cloud, orbiting between 20,000 in 100,000 Astronomical Units from the Sun.
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- 2,400,000,000 years ago iron was all oxidized and oxygen began to build up in the atmosphere. The oxygen came from single celled bacteria breathing carbon dioxide and exhaling oxygen.
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- Viewing the Andromeda Galaxy is seeing an object 14,700,000,000,000,000 miles away.
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- In 4 million years the Milky Way Galaxy will collide with the Andromeda Galaxy.
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- The Sun is 400 times larger than the moon, but, it is 400 times further away making them appear the same size the sky. Therefore a total eclipse happens.
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- It takes 240,000,000 years to orbit once around the Milky Way Galaxy traveling at 500,000 miles per hour. We've done it 60 times.
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- The different temperatures, densities, in the Microwave Background 380,000 years after the Big Bang are the seeds of the galactic structures we see today.
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- Jupiter could hold the other seven planets in just 70 % of its volume.
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- In 1675 eclipses of Jupiter's moons was the first experiment to determine the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second.
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- Saturn's moon Hyperion would float. It's density is 54 % that of water.
- Pluto was discovered in 1930. It does not complete its orbit until 2178.
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- Neptune’s moon Triton has an average surface temperature of -391 degrees F.
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- Saturn's moon Titan has a nitrogen atmosphere, like Earth.
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- Jupiter's Great Red Spot rotates every six days.
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- A pair of Gamma Ray lobes extend above and below the center of the Milky Way Galaxy , each lobe is 25,000 light-years in diameter.
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- The total energy collected by the world's radio telescopes is less energy than two snowflakes hitting the ground.
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- The fastest Pulsar rotates at 716 times per second.
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- The nearest star with an exoplanet is 14.8 light-years away.
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- Time slows down and lengths shorten as speeds approach that of light, 186,000 miles per second.
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- Mass is equivalent to concentrated energy, E = mass * 90,000,000,000,000,000
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- A star with a parallax angle of one arc seconds, 1/3600th of a degree, would have a distance of one parsec away. The parsec distance is 19,175,700 million miles , 3.26 light-years.
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- Starting 2015, astronomers have confirmed 1,854 exoplanets, orbiting 1,163 stars.
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- Stars first formed to 200,000,000 years after the Big Bang.
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