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----------------- 1812 - Blackholes and Relativity
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- General Relativity tells us that gravity as a force is actually a curvature of space and time. Mass is what causes space- time to curve. The mass of the Earth certainly gives us substantial gravity , but, the curvature of space -time is barely measurable.
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- However, the mass of a Blackhole is substantial enough to make the curvature obvious. Blackholes demonstrate the full effects of General Relativity. When the curved space-time is rotating around a Blackhole another effect become obvious as well. This effect is called “ frame dragging”.
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- The spinning mass has the effect of dragging the fabric of space-time along with it.
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- Gravity Probe B is a satellite launched to measure the frame dragging effects due to Earth’s mass. The axis of spinning gyroscopes in the satellite become offset one hundred thousandth of a degree per year due to Earth’s rotation causing frame dragging That is so small it is amazing to think we can even measure it.
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- To measure this effect around a Blackhole astronomers detect X-rays emitted by iron ions swirling around in the accretion disk orbiting the Blackhole. The frequency of the X-rays shift due to the Doppler Effect if the ions are moving toward us or away from us.
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- Analysis showed that as the Blackhole spins the accretion disk “ wobbles”. It tugs on surrounding space-time and drags the disk with it. The effect is 100 trillion times stronger then the effect found near Earth. If the Earth gyroscopes were orbiting he Blackhole the axis of the gyroscopes would shift 90 degrees each second.
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- In addition to frame dragging radiation and evaporation are another prediction expected at the accretion disk of a Blackhole. Stephen hawking presented this theory of Blackhole evaporation in 1974.
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- In the accretion disk orbiting the Blackhole matter-anti-matter pairs are constantly being produced. If one particle in the pair is dragged into the Blackhole the other is flung off as “Hawking Radiation”. This action equal reaction is due to the Conservation of Momentum.
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- If this process proceeds long enough the Blackhole would completely evaporate. Theoretically all the information inside the Blackhole is preserved while radiating out in to the Universe.
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- The math needed to describe these events around Blackholes is incomplete. General Relativity equations explode into infinities. Quantum Mechanics equations produce in determinants. We need new math to describe what’s going on.
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- Gravity and acceleration are the same thing. It impossible to tell the difference as an observer. The same equations should work for both?
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- Light bends in a gravitational field. So does the whole electromagnetic field. How else do these two fields interact?
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- Photons have no mass but they have momentum. They follow the shortest and quickest path through curved space-time.
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- Mass tells space-time how to curve. Space-time tells mass how to move.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more.
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- #1803 - If acceleration is equivalent to a gravitational field then the same equations should apply to both. This review contains a bibliography of more reviews.
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- #1663 - At 186,282 miles per second an object has zero length and time has stopped.
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- #1582 - Deriving the equation for Relativity using the Pythagorean Theorem
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-# etc.
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