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----------------- 1819 - Blackholes
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- Astronomers know there is a super-massive Blackhole at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. They expect there are a million more smaller Blackholes throughout the Galaxy.
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- The history of Blackholes all started in England in 1665 when Isaac Newton proposed that there was an universal force governing all bodies called Gravity.
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- Newton realized that as mass increases gravity increases. To escape an object’s gravity it must reach an Escape Velocity. For Earth’s gravity that velocity is 25,000 miles per hour.
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- In 1765 John Mitchell realized that a massive star ,or a compressed star, would have an escape velocity exceeding the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. He called them “Dark Stars”
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- In 1915 Albert Einstein’s theory of General Reactivity proposed gravity to be a 4 dimensional curvature of space-time A massive object creates a dent in space-time, a gravity well causing objects to fall along the curved path. Planets in the Solar System are following this curved path around the Sun.
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- In 1967 John Wheeler popularized the term “Blackhole”. During star formation gravity compresses matter. If internal pressures do not stop the compression all matter collapses into a Blackhole. Blackholes form when massive stars collapse. There is no limit to how big or how small a Blackhole can be. Of course, if small it must be extremely compressed.
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- The “ Event Horizon” for a Blackhole is the radius where light can not escape. We can not see the Blackhole but we can see the Accretion Disk orbiting above the Event Horizon.
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- Blackholes are detected because of their gravitational influence on other stars and matter, usually gas, that is orbiting it. The whirling matter in the Accretion Disk loses energy through friction and gives off X-ray and other electromagnetic radiation.
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- In 1971 Cygnus X-1 was found as part of a binary system. Using orbiting data to make calculations astronomers got results that the center mass was compressed into a volume smaller than the Earth while its mass was 6 times the mass of the Sun.
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- X-rays are detected coming form the Accretion Disk. The gas rotation can be characterized by time differences between emissions from multiple locations around the disk.
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- The hope is that another tool can detect gravitational waves emanating from the merger of 2 Blackholes.
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- Blackholes also have incredible jets exiting from the rotational axis. Matter can exit the poles where centripetal force of rotation is missing. These jets shoot out matter and radiation at nearly the speed of light.
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- In 1974 Stephen Hawking proposed that Blackholes would eventually evaporate. Mater-anti-matter pairs at the Event Horizon would separate with one pulled into the blackhole and the other flung out into space. ( called Hawking Radiation).
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- The theory is that the Hawking Radiation contains all the information that entered the Blackhole. Conservation of Information. It is hoped that further study of Blackholes will develop new math that will merge the General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Theories.
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- Physics can not explain what happens inside a Blackhole. Neither Relativity or Quantum math an solve the process as equations explode into infinities or in determinants.
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- The most recent discover was a 100,000 Solar mass Blackhole near the center of our Galaxy. It is in the center of a massive gas cloud 200 lightyears away. The gas cloud has an elliptical shape with 2 components:
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------------------ (1) a compact low density component with wide velocity dispersions of 62 miles per second ( 223,200mph). and
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------------------ (2) a second dense component extending out 10 lightyears with a narrow velocity dispersions.
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- Modeling this observation on a computer gets a gravity source of 100,000 Solar Mass inside and area of 0.3 lightyears radius. No X-rays or infrared are detected. It must be a Blackhole.
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- There have been 2 sizes of Blackholes detected to date:
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------------------ (1) stellar mass Blackholes , formed by super massive stars.
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------------------- (2) super massive Blackholes at the center of galaxies ranging from a few million to several billion Solar Mass. Nothing in between. If true, this discovery is in the intermediated range. Investigating with radio waves that can detect gas clouds and the relative velocities of orbit which may allow discovery of more intermediate Blackholes.
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- It is estimated tea there are 100 million Blackholes in our Galaxy alone.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more:
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- #1753 - At the Event Horizon the spin would drag along space-time. Space-time would be distorted like a spoon spinning in honey.
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- #1646 - Schwarzschild Radius of a Blackhole defines the Event Horizon is equal
--------------- R = 2* G * M / c^2. Our Milky Way Galaxy Blackhole has a 7,000,000 mile radius, and weighs 4 million Solar Mass.
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-#1628 - The math says that a 1 Solar Mass Blackhole, our Sun, ( not rotating and not electrically charged) has a radius of 1.86 miles.
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- #1657 - Gravity slows down clocks, it is stronger than Time. The Blackhole at the center of our Galaxy has orbiting stars that measure unseen mass to be 4,300,000 Solar Mass.
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- There are 17 more reviews about Blackholes all available upon request if you want to learn more?
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Thursday, January 28, 2016 -----
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