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----------------- 1816 - Lasers are more than for star wars . Lasers will continue to upset technology because advancements continue to come on line so fast.
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- Laser are “ light amplification by simulated emission of radiation”
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- It all started in 1960, my first year of college, with a rod of synthetic ruby. -
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- Laser wavelengths are 10,000’s times shorter than radio waves which can allow it to transmit enormous amounts of information. A major problem with laser communication is that the light beam can not penetrate clouds, snow, or fog. This is causing the construction of fiber optic light pipes to be laid underground. The fiber links need relay stations every 30 miles to re-amplify the signal.
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- Lasers could be used as radar. They could accurately measure the position of satellites. They even measured the distance to the Moon. A needle width of red light reaches the Moon and has only spread 2 miles in diameter. Conventional radar would reach the Moon covering a 500 mile diameter.
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- A beam from a ruby laser is a million of times hotter that the surface of the Sun. It can burn holes in diamonds. This laser heat could be used in laser surgery. Ultra -delicate operations could be performed on the eye ball. Kathy had cataracts removed an new lenses installed in a 10 minute operation. No need to be wearing glasses anymore. The process could be used to remove cancer tumors.
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- The cutting and welding capacity of lasers will be used in the machine-too industry.
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- Laser weapons orbiting in near Earth satellites could vaporize intruding missiles, (This idea may not be practical). The best shields may be mirrors.
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- Lasers can measure speeds down to 10,000th of an inch per second. This capability would allow space ships to dock like a feather.
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- Laser light in the blue-green range could be used to probe the ocean floor. Better seismographs would use lasers.
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- Automobile spark plugs could be replaced by lasers. Laser light- bulbs never wear out. Better guidance systems using laser gyroscopes. High speed photography. Chemical reactions could be controlled by heating one molecule at a time.
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- This much of the above article was written in 1963, just 3 years after the invention of the first ruby laser.
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- Rockets could use a laser propulsion engine. A steady stream of rapid-fire laser blasts vaporizing water which propels the rocket into space. This propulsion system was demonstrated in 1997. The hope is that these systems could put heavy payloads into Earth orbit for just $5.00 per pound. Water is the safe fuel, no need for dangerous oxygen and hydro-carbon fuels.
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- When an atom gains a quantum of energy an electron jumps up to a different orbit . When the electron falls back to a lower energy orbit it releases the same defined quantum of radiation at the defined wavelength.
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--------------------------- E = h * f
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--------------------------- E = h * c / w
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------------------- Energy is directly proportional to frequency and inversely proportional to wavelength . “h” is Planck’s Constant 6.63*10^-34 Joule * seconds. (Joule = kg*m^2/s^2.).
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- The laser works by a chain reaction of this precise wavelength needed to stimulate a particular atom (ruby). The cascade of radiation is precisely at the same frequency. The beam becomes very pure, called coherent radiation. The beam exit’s the resonant cavity with precise beam of laser light.
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- A ruby laser works with a polished ruby rod mirror precision polished on each end. A gas discharge light source flashing rapidly on and off producing pulses of light with sufficient energy to excite atoms in the ruby rod. The rod needs to be cooled to ensure minimum interference from thermal excited atoms. The flash pumps the atom’s electrons to higher energy level orbits. The light beam flashes back and forth between the mirror ends becoming coherent ( a single frequency) thousands of watts of energy emerge from the flat ends of the rod.
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- In addition to ruby lasers, there are liquid lasers, fluorescent-dye lasers, gas lasers, etc.
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- Gas lasers work best for surveying, distance measuring purposes. Also, rock concerts and advertising..
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- Laser cutting tools are used in the clothing industry and microsurgery.
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- Laser scanners read barcodes in the supermarkets.
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- Lasers read video disks and music on audio disks.
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- Hologram pictures are created with lasers.
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- The same technique can be used at lower frequencies (microwaves) to create a “ maser”.
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- All products of stimulated emissions of electrons in atoms. It all started 60 years ago.
Stay tuned, and announcement will be made shortly.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more:
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- #1040 - Water masers from galaxies.
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- # 1170 - Laser Ignition Fusion.
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