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--------------------- 2647 - PLANET NINE - may be a blackhole?
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- All kids know there are nine planets in our Solar System. Well, older kids. The younger kids today know there are “eight” planets and several “Dwarf Planets”, Pluto being one of those. So, what is this talk about “Planet Nine“?
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- It all has to do with Kepler’s Laws , equations” for orbiting bodies. The eight planets orbit according to the math, except when you get to the outer planets where the math suggests there is another orbiting mass outside the orbit of Pluto. But, we can not find it.
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- Here is how the math argument goes: Far away in the outer reaches of the solar system, past where the planet Neptune orbits, there are a handful of small objects that behave strangely. These "trans-Neptunian objects" cluster together in unusual ways, and they tend to spin around axises that point toward one broad swath of the sky, away from the larger known planets.
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- Also the objects orbit in a different plane than the eight known planets. That suggests that something else is tugging on them with its gravity.
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- Astronomers have looked at that strange pattern, run some calculations, and concluded that there must be another planet out there, one that’s 10 to 20 times the mass of Earth and following an orbit that carries it many hundreds of times Earth's distance from the Sun.
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- This theory is called "Planet 9" . The hunt for Planet 9 has gone on for years, with astronomers using visual light and infrared telescopes to scan the outermost parts of the solar system.
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- Over the past few years, astronomers have uncovered about a dozen objects in the distant solar system that defy expectations. In addition to a few other odd attributes, this special subset of icy objects orbiting past Neptune, dubbed Trans-Neptunian Objects, or TNOs, all make their closest approaches to the Sun at about the same spot in space.
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- To account for these bizarre orbits of the outer planets astronomers recently invoked a wild yet increasingly convincing explanation for how they came to be. Namely, a goliath planet some five to 15 times the mass of the Earth is hiding far beyond Pluto, hundreds of times farther from the Sun than Earth. It's this giant world, Planet Nine proponents argue, that is shepherding the TNOs into their unusual orbits.
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- Astronomers have discovered a number of far-flung objects that all have very similar perihelia, meaning they make their closest approaches to the Sun at about the same location in space.
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- This could be a primordial black hole instead of a planet. Primordial black holes are predicted to have popped into existence within the first few fractions of a second after the Big Bang. However, their existence has never been confirmed.
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- If true, the proposed blackhole likewise would be located hundreds of times farther from the Sun than Earth. But because blackholes are incredibly adept at crushing down matter, a blackhole equivalent to roughly five Earth-masses would be only about the size of a baseball.
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- Astronomers are also monitoring the sky in search of gravitational microlensing events, which occur when a massive foreground object (such as a blackhole) passes directly in front of a background object (such as a star). If the alignment of the objects is perfect, the heavy foreground object acts as a sort of lens, distorting and amplifying the light from the object behind it.
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- Based on five years of observations, researchers uncovered six strange microlensing events that seem to have occurred when objects roughly 0.5 to 20 times the mass of Earth acted as gravitational lenses. These objects, located about 26,000 light-years away toward the Milky Way's galactic bulge, could just as easily correspond to an unexpected population of primordial blackholes rather than free-floating planets.
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- If such a blackhole, rather than a rogue planet, were captured by the Sun and is now roaming the outer solar system, then it would influence the orbits of TNOs in exactly the same way as Planet Nine.
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- Blackholes are usually thought to be enormous objects formed when giant stars collapse into themselves, trapping their masses in infinitely dense singularities, surrounded by giant "event horizons" from which no light can escape.
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- But, this theory also contends that in the first moments of the universe, when everything was hot and dense and rushing away from the Big Bang, and no stars had formed yet, blackholes were already emerging.
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- These primordial blackholes formed during the universe's creation would have formed when chunks of that early matter were crushed together so tightly that they condensed into singularities. Therefore these blackholes would be smaller than stellar blackholes that formed from collapsing massive stars.
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- A blackhole of that mass would be tiny , about the size of a grapefruit yet five times the mass of Earth, and the size of a bowling ball would be 10 times Earth's mass.
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- The blackhole would orbit the Sun like a planet would, and it would tug on dwarf planets and asteroids just like the theoretical Planet 9 would. There would not be any way to tell the effects of a planet's gravity from that of a primordial blackhole of the same mass.
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- Some astronomers still think there's a planet out there. We need more data!
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--------------------------------- Other Reviews available upon request:
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- 2448 - PLANET NINE - could it be a blackhole? Maybe there is an ancient, grapefruit-size blackhole hiding out in our solar system. This tiny, heavy object might in fact take the place of a theoretical planet that might be tugging on other objects in our solar system.
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- 965 - The chemistry of planet formation. . Astronomers are using 2 different methods to find these planets. The “Transit Method” and the “Radial Velocity Method”. With both of these methods we have to be lucky and happen to be viewing the planet orbits edge-on. If we are viewing the orbits face-on we can never discover planets with these methods.
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- 935 - Planet temperatures.
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- 928 - Planet formation. . Astronomers have found more than 4,000 planets in other solar systems. How they formed and how they contain such wide diversity is a new mystery. We thought we had a design for planet formation that matched our Solar System. In contrast, other solar systems are so diverse and supposedly formed out of chaos.
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- 919 - Planet travel. . First, astronomers recorded the star’s light spectrum without the planet in front of it. Then, later, they obtained the light spectrum of the star with the planet and the planet’s atmosphere in front of it. Now, subtract the two spectrums. What you have left is the spectrum of light through the planet’s atmosphere. Analyzing that spectrum astronomers learned that the planet’s atmosphere was mostly sodium, that is salty air. The planet was too close to the star and too hot for life.
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- 840 - Planet Pegasi and Dopper astronomy. The planet 51 Pegasi b was discovered in 1995. It was the first planet discovered orbiting a normal star, like our Sun. When watching the star astronomers were able to detect a rhythmic wobble using the Doppler Shift Technique.
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- 839 - Our gaseous planets. Astronomers have discovered over 4,000 planets outside our Solar System. An the same time they reduced the number of planets in our Solar System from nine to eight. After 75 years the ninth “planet” got “plutoed” and kicked out of the planet category and in to the Kuiper Belt with the rest of the big icy comets.
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- 710 - Fourier discovers the terrestrial planets. Astronomers have been working hard adding the number of planets found to exist in other solar systems in our Milky Way Galaxy. Astronomers have discovered over 4,000 planets in 164 other solar systems The first planet outside our own solar system was found in 1995. We do not have sensitive enough instruments now to determine if there is life on any of these planets. And, we tend to find the giant gaseous planets like Jupiter because the smaller rocky planets like Earth are too small to detect.
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- 591 - Osiris , a planet around another star. This review is the start of a series entitled the 8 wonders of the Universe. 592 - Black Holes. 593 - Gamma Ray Bursts. 594 - Dark Galaxies. 595 - Galaxy Clusters. 596 - Quasars. 597 - Cosmic Background Radiation. 508 - The Milky Way Galaxy
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- March 1, 2020 2647
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--------------------- Monday, March 2, 2020 --------------------
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