- 2132 - - Electrons, Muons and Taus are
three of the 12 fundamental, elementary, particles that make us the
Universe. Muons and Taus are duplicates
of electrons in every way except they have more mass and shorter lives. . They
can damage material in the cell nuclei and the body’s DNA. They are thought to be responsible for some
of the spontaneous tumors that have plagued the human race from the beginning.
-
-
-
-
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2132 - Muons and Taus - The Heavy Electrons.
-
- Electrons, Muons and Taus are
three of the 12 fundamental, elementary, particles that make us the
Universe. Muons and Taus are duplicates
of electrons in every way except they have more mass and shorter lives. They carry the same negative charge as
electrons, have ½ spin for their angular momentum, and they interact with the
Electroweak Force just like electrons.
Here is the mass given in million electron volts:
-
- Electron = .0005 MeV
-
- Muon =
.1056
-
- Tau = 1,777
- The Muon is 207 times more
massive than the electron and the Tau is 16,828 times more massive than the
Muon. Energy = m*c^2. Where “c” is the speed of light squared which
is = 9*10^16 meter^2/second^2. One joule of energy = 1
kilogram*meter/second^2 = 6.24*10^18 eV.
-
- Electron = .89 * 10^-30 kilograms
-
- Muon =
189 * 10^-30
-
- Tau = 3,172 * 10^-30
-
- For comparison the mass of a
proton is 938 MeV, and 1,167 * 10^-30 kilograms.
-
- Muons and Taus are created in
high energy particle accelerators. But,
Muons are also created in nature. They
are created by Cosmic Rays hitting the gas molecules in our upper atmosphere. The Cosmic Rays are actually protons,
hydrogen nuclei, that shot out of Supernova explosions and are traveling at
very nearly the speed of light. When
these protons hit another atomic nucleus in the upper atmosphere the collision
causes a shower of elementary particles that spray on to the Earth’s surface.
-
- An average of 240 Muons
penetrate our bodies every second. That
amounts to 20 milion Muons going through us every day. And each one weighs 207 times more than an
electron. These Muons are
dangerous. They can damage material in
the cell nuclei and the body’s DNA. They
are thought to be responsible for some of the spontaneous tumors that have
plagued the human race from the beginning.
-
Muons have a very short life, only 2.197 microseconds. In a large sample of Muons 63% of them will
decay back in to electrons and neutrinos in 2.197 * 10^-6 seconds.
-
- Electron = Infinite lifetime
-
- Muon =
1.297 * 10^-6 seconds
-
- Tau = 3 * 10^-13 seconds
-
- The Tau has an even shorter
lifetime before it decays into an electron and a Tau Neutrino, 0.0000000000003
seconds.
-
- If these particles have such
short lifetimes, and they are created in the upper atmosphere, 30 miles above
the surface of the Earth, how do they every reach the Earth? They should decay too quickly to ever reach
the surface below. If a Muon is
traveling at nearly the speed of light 3*10^8 meter/second, in 2.197
microseconds it will have only traveled 660 meters.
-
- The reason is truly
amazing. It turns out that the Muons are
going so fast the time slows down for them.
This time dilation effect from "special relativity" allows
them to live a million times longer than they would normally live. A Muon lifetime as viewed from the ground is
2.197 seconds, not microseconds, they can easily reach the surface and
penetrate our bodies, and everything else.
-
---------------------- Time
Dilation^2 = Time^2 / (1 - velocity^2/c^2)
-
- If the velocity is so close to
the speed of light, c that " (1 - velocity^2/c^2)" = 10^-12, then
Time Dilation is equal to 2.197 seconds because v/c = 99.99999999 %.
-
- 2.197 seconds * 3 * 10^8
meters / second = 6,590,000 meters, or 4,095 miles. The Muons can travel way past the 30 miles of
atmosphere and past Earth itself before they decay back into electrons.
-
- We call these elementary
particles and refer to them as point- like but without any substructure. The word particle is misleading. These “ particles” behave both wavelike and
particle like. And, if one gets near one
its properties begin to change. The
particle seems to influence the fluctuations in the vacuum, or the free space,
that surrounds it.
-
- The properties that we see
appear to be the sum of the bare properties and the effects of the vacuum of
space. There is a classical radius given
for that of the electron, 2.8179 * 10^-15 meters, but quantum mechanics makes
this concept of radius almost meaningless.
-
- Quantum Mechanics theory
states that an electron (muon or tau) can have position and momentum but the two properties cannot be
determined at the same time. Momentum is
velocity * mass. The better you
can determine the position the less you can know about its velocity. The better you can determine its velocity the
less you can know about its position.
-
- This tradeoff between what we can know is
called the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Using these concepts these elementary “particles” are viewed more as
electric charges surrounded by a sea of interacting particles and modifying
this sea of virtual particles that make up the vacuum of space in their
vicinity.
-
- All Muons and Taus decay into
electrons eventually. There are 10^79
electrons in the Universe. On average
that is one electron per each cubic meter of space. There are the same number of protons and
electrons because the sum total of their positive and negative charges is
neutral. The number of protons in the
Universe come from this formula: It is
amazing to me that this equation even exists:
-
------------------------ Number = c^3
* time / G * proton mass
-
----------------------- G is
the Gravitational Constant = 6.674215 * 10^-11 m^3/(Kg*sec^2)
-
----------------------- Time is the age of the Universe = 13.7 * 10^9
years * 3.16 * 10^7 seconds / year = 43 * 10^15 seconds
-
---------------------- Proton
mass = 1.167252 * 10^-27 kilograms.
-
---------------------- C
= 2.998 * 10^8 m/sec
-
---------------------- Plug
these in to the formula and Number = 1.5
*10^79 electrons.
-150,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 electrons.
-
- October 18, 2018 632
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--------------------- Thursday, October 18, 2018 -------------------------
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