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2123 - The science
of physics. Physics is narrowed down to
two topics, it is either Energy or
Space-time. This is easy, and old
physics. New physics is complicated and
weird. Here are ten examples given in this
review.
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-
-
---------------------------------- 2123 - The Science of Physics
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- Physics is the science that deals with:
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--------------------- Matter
--------------------- Energy
--------------------- Motion
--------------------- Force
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- But, matter and energy are the same,
according to E = mc^2.
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--------------------- Matter, which is mass
--------------------- Energy,
which is mass * 9*10^16
--------------------- Motion,
which is space and time
--------------------- Force,
which is energy that changes motion.
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- So, Physics is narrowed down to two
topics, it is either Energy or
Space-time.
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- MASS is a quantity of matter. It represents the inertia of a body. Inertia is the body’s resistance to
acceleration. It requires a force to
accelerate a body, a force is needed to change any velocity of motion. The unit of measurement for Matter is
kilograms. The unit of measurement of
Force is kilogram*m/sec^2
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- Mass and matter change with motion. As a body increases its velocity its mass
increases relative to its mass at rest, “mo”.
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----------------------- m^2
= mo^2 / (1-v^2/c^2)
-
where
“v “ is velocity, “c” is the speed of light = 3*10^8 meters / second.
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- ENERGY is conserved in all processes and this
leads to mass = energy / 9*10^16
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-------------- m = E / c^2.
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Energy
is the capacity of a body to do work.
When work is done it is equal to energy at the start minus energy at the
end. Energy is transferred into the work
but it also conserved so that the total energy in all forms remains the
same. Here are some of the forms of energy:
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---------------------- KINETIC energy = the energy of motion
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---------------------- KE = ½ m*v^2
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---------------------- Rotational energy =
KE = ½ I*w^2
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--------------------- where “v” is velocity, “I” is the moment of
Inertia, and “w” is angular velocity.
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--------------------- KE
= (m - mo)c^2, if the mass is in motion.
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- POTENTIAL energy is due to gravity, PE =
m*g*h
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-------------
where “g” is the acceleration of
gravity = 32 feet per second^2
h
= height above the ground
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- INTERNAL energy is the sum of PE of molecular
interactions and KE of molecular motion.
The value of internal energy depends primarily on the temperature.
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- Electromagnetic energy = 6.625 * 10^-34 *
frequency, E = h*f, E = h*c/w
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- MOTION was defined by Isaac Newton in 1687
with three laws:
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----------------- (1)
Bodies remain at resist, or remain at constant velocity unless acted on
by a force.
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----------------- (2)
Force changes linear motion with acceleration.
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----------------- F = d(m*v) / dt
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----------------- F = ma + v* dm/dt
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----------------
where
v*dm/dt is zero if the mass remains constant.
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----------------
(3) Action = reaction. Forces acting on a body are equal and opposite
in direction. Gravity pulls you to the
ground and the ground pushes up with and equal and opposite force.
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- This is easy, and old physics. New physics is complicated and weird. Here are ten examples:
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- DE BROGLIE waves - all
matter has a wave-particle duality. The
wavelength of matted depends upon Planck’s Constant and momentum.
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--------------------- Wavelength = 6.625*10^-34 / mass * velocity
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The
square of the amplitude of these waves is the probability that the particle
will be at that point. I a photon is
sent through 2 slits it will put a dot on a photographic plate placed on the
other side of the slits. If we continue
to send single photons through the slits they will form an interference pattern
on the plate. It is as if the photon
travels on a wave of probabilities until it hits the plate where it turns into
a point. Weird.
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- EINSTEINS RELTIVITY - simply says that the
laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of their relative
motion. This law requires the speed of
light to remain constant and space and time to change. Gravity becomes a geometric phenomenon caused
by the curvature of space-time around any mass.
Weird.
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- SCHROEDINGERS equation - defines mathematically the probability of a
particle being at a certain point. The
particle does not appear until you measure it.
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- HEISENBERGS Uncertainty Principle - says that position and momentum can never be
known with precision. Same with energy
and time. If you know one there is a
limit to how accurately you can know the other.
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- QUANTUM entanglement - is the weirdest. Certain particle states are directly related
to each other. If one particle is
measured its wave function collapses.
The other entangled particle will collapse simultaneously no matter how
far away it is. Even at opposite ends of
the Universe. Spooky action at a
distance occurs.
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- UNIFIED FIELD theory - is
trying to connect quantum mechanics with the theory of relativity. Quantum mechanics equations work on the very
small but not on the very large.
Relativity equations work on the very large but not on the very small. They need to be unified to work on everything
the same. There are many attempts in the
works: Quantum gravity, String theory,
M-theory, Grand unified theory, Loop quantum gravity. Theory of Everything, and
Super symmetry.
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- BIG BANG - theory for the beginning of the
Universe. That it all started at a
single point of enormous energy and began expanding and cooling to where it is
today. Weird.
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- DARK MATTER (25%) and DARK ENERGY (75%)
occupies 95 % of the Universe. Ordinary
matter that we see, know and understand occupies only 5% of the Universe. We do not know what 95% of the Universe
is. Embarrassing!
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- ROGER PENROSE quantum consciousness - there seems to be some link between the
conscious choice of experiment and the outcome of the experiment. Consciousness itself
has
some link to the quantum realm.
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- ANTHROPIC principle - If our Universe was even so slightly
different in any of the laws and constants of physics life could not
exist. The odds of our existence seem
minuscule small. The Designer has
fine-tuned the Universe so we can study it.
That should make a believer out of you.
-
- October 14, 2018. This Review was 738
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----- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to
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--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for
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--- to:
------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------
“Jim Detrick” -----------
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--------------------- Thursday, October 14, 2018 -------------------------
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