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-------------------- 2464 - ASTRONOMY - big mysteries to solve?
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- What is Dark Energy? Dark energy is thought to be the mysterious force that is pulling the cosmos apart at ever-increasing speeds, and is used by astronomers to explain the universe's accelerated expansion.
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- This elusive force has yet to be directly detected, but dark energy is thought to make up roughly 73 percent of the universe.
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- What is Dark Matter? Dark matter is an invisible mass that is thought to make up about 23 percent of the universe. Dark matter has mass but cannot be seen, so scientists infer its presence based on the gravitational pull it exerts on regular matter.
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- Where are the Missing Baryons? Dark energy and dark matter combine to occupy approximately 95 percent of the universe, with regular matter making up the remaining 5 percent. And, on top of that more than half of this “regular matter” is missing.
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- This missing matter is called baryonic matter. Baryons are composed of particles such as protons and electrons that make up majority of the mass of the universe's “visible matter“.
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- Some astrophysicists suspect that missing baryonic matter may be found between galaxies, in material known as warm-hot intergalactic medium, but the universe's missing baryons remain a hotly debated topic.
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- How do Stars Explode? When massive stars run out of fuel, they end their lives in gigantic explosions called supernovas. These spectacular blasts are so bright they can briefly outshine entire galaxies.
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- Extensive research and modern technologies have illuminated many details about supernovas, but how these massive explosions occur is still a mystery. Scientists want to understand the mechanics of these stellar blasts, including what happens inside a star before it ignites as a supernova.
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- What Re-ionized the Universe? The broadly accepted Big Bang model for the origin of the universe states that the cosmos began as a hot, dense point approximately 13.7 billion years ago.
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- This early universe is thought to have been a dynamic place, and about 13 billion years ago, it underwent a so-called age of re-ionization. During this period, the universe's fog of hydrogen gas was clearing and becoming translucent to ultraviolet light for the first time. What caused this re-ionization to occur?
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- What's the Source of the Most Energetic Cosmic Rays? Cosmic rays are highly energetic particles that flow into our solar system from deep in outer space, but the actual origin of these charged subatomic particles has perplexed astronomers for about a century.
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- The most energetic cosmic rays are extraordinarily strong, with energies up to 100 million times greater than particles that have been produced in manmade colliders. Over the years, astronomers have attempted to explain where cosmic rays originate before flowing into the solar system, but their source has proven to be an enduring astronomical mystery.
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- Why is our Solar System so strange? As alien planets around other stars are discovered, astronomers have tried to tackle and understand how our own solar system came to be.
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- The differences in the planets within our solar system have no easy explanation, and scientists are studying how planets are formed in hopes of better grasping the unique characteristics of our solar system.
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- We have 4 terrestrial inner planets and four giant gaseous outer planets. This arrangement seems to be unique in our universe. Life may be unique too. We just don’t know.
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- Why is the Sun's Corona so Hot? The Sun's corona is its ultra-hot outer atmosphere, where temperatures can reach up to a staggering 10,800,000 degrees Fahrenheit .
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- Solar physicists have been puzzled by how the Sun reheats its corona, but research points to a link between energy beneath the visible surface, and processes in the Sun's magnetic field. But, the detailed mechanics behind coronal heating are still unknown.
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- We are like wanderers on the beach picking up pebbles of knowledge with a whole ocean of unknown in front of us. May your life be full of new discoveries. It sure makes it more interesting. The cavemen were consumed with daily survival. I am fortunate to have hours to write these reviews for you to read between trips to the refrigerator.
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- November 4, 2019 2464
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--------------------- Monday, November 4, 2019 --------------------
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