-
-
------------------------------- 2502 - ENTANGLEMENT - defies reason?
-
- Entanglement, we may likely be using it before we can understand it.
-
- The Universe seems to be connected in pairs that seem to be outside our world of reason. Albert Einstein did not understand it either. Two of his famous quotes were, there can not be “ spooky action at a distance!” that happens instantaneously, faster than the information could be exchanged at the speed of light.
-
- And, “ God does not play dice!” when particles must be described as waves being at too places at once and their positions determined by probabilities.
-
- Werner Heisenberg started all this confusion in 1925. He began using quantum theories to explain the colors emitted and absorbed by complicated atoms. He put energy in quantum packages that were not continuous but discrete.
-
- The color is the frequency of radiation absorbed or emitted from atoms that corresponds to the energy levels the electrons are jumping between in the shells around atomic nuclei. Neils Bohr had done the first calculations of these energy levels around the hydrogen atom, a single proton, in 1913.
-
- Heisenberg’s quantum math treated the atom’s electrons as particles. His math calculated and matched the observed results. Next, Erin Schrodinger used quantum math again to get the same results only he treated the atom’s electrons as waves, not particles.
-
- Later, Heisenberg’s professor, Max Born, showed them both that quantum wave math could be interpreted as a “measure of probabilities” for the particles properties, especially these electrons.
-
- The next step was the mysterious connection between pairs of these particle properties. Heisenberg took his quantum math to another level and showed that pairs of particle properties could not be known simultaneously.
-
- Take the pair, “ position and momentum” of a particle. Since momentum is mass times velocity and the mass in a particular case can be known, lets take the pair “ position and velocity” of a particular particle. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle showed that knowing the position with greater probability intrinsically meant that you could know the velocity only with a lesser probability.
-
- In fact, the product of the two probabilities had to equal or be less than Planck’s Constant of Action. It was in the math. Taking information from one property automatically reduced the information you could get from the other property. ( See Review 1225 - The Universe is a Computer ).
-
- Unobserved, an electron exists in multiple locations at once, it is a wave. The Uncertainty Principle allowed measuring only one property or the other, but not both. Information wise the properties were paired. Position and velocity were paired.
-
- The same type of pairing occurs between “ time and energy”. You can not get a measure of the duration of energy and the amount of energy simultaneously. These pairs have wave distributions of probabilities. Taking away information of one of the probabilities automatically lessons the information available about the other probability.
-
- It may be that below the quantum level there is another level of information that exists in bits and bytes like a computer. We know that if you treat atomic properties at the lowest level like spin, charge, position, velocity, as bits, spin up and spin down, positive charge and negative charge, etc, then the amount of information that nature can store in a very tiny volume of space and time is an enormous number.
-
- Maybe that is why the math of statistics and probabilities is the only way we can describe a world of information too small to be observed?
-
- Maybe in this unobserved world things are connected that “appear” very mysterious to us but are the natural world of reality we are in?
-
- Most of us have learned about the double slit experiment where photons of light are sent through two slits and an interference pattern appears on the screen on the other slide of the slits. This interference wave pattern is exactly what is expected by interfering waves.
-
- However, this same pattern occurs even though a single photon is sent to the screen. It is as if a single photon can go through two slits simultaneously. It is somehow located at two places at once. We can almost comprehend this with waves of particles of light. However, this same experiment has been repeated with electrons. It has even been repeated with fullerene molecules composed of 70 carbon atoms. Nature somehow allows particles to be at two places at once.
-
- Entanglement is another pairing of particles that Einstein referred to as a “ spooky action at a distance!” When two particles are entangled the property of one particle is paired with the same property of the other particle. If the particles are separated some distance, no matter how far apart, measuring the property of one automatically and instantaneously reveals the property of the other.
-
- If a pair of coins were entangled and one coin is “ heads” then the other coin is automatically “ tails” at the same instant. The occurrences are simultaneously and faster that the speed of light needed to cover the distance between them.
-
- In 1982 as experiment passed a photon through a calcium crystal creating an output of polarized light . Splitting the photons creates a pair of photons that are linked, or , entangled. Regardless of distance of separating these photons measuring the one photon as having vertical polarization the other photon will register as having horizontal polarization. It does not matter which measurement came first, or, if one is moving and the other is standing still, or how many times it is repeated, there is a quantum link between the two entangled photons. Measuring one automatically determines the other.
-
- In 2008 this same experiment was conducted in Japan with detectors separated 11 miles apart. If information was exchanged between the photons it would have had to travel 10,000 times faster that the speed of light. This experiment was again repeated n 2 of the Canary Islands separated by 89 miles. Always the same result. Entanglement seems real.
-
- In 2010, to make this experiment more complicated, physicists have used 3 different colored photons, entangled 6 of these photons, with 8 calcium ions and still getting the same entangled results.
-
- How can this property of entanglement be used? We do not understand why it works or how it works but we do know that it does work. We should be able to use it.
-
- Some applications include: instant communication over great distances. Fast information processing in quantum computers giving computers the ability to calculate multiple possibilities simultaneously. Teleportation moving quantum information from one physical location to another.. Quantum cryptography to send secret messages that could not be intercepted by Wikileaks.
-
- This property of entanglement has existed since the Universe began. Maybe nature is already using it. Maybe birds can us the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate over long distances by entanglement with their unique brain chemistry. Maybe the DNA double helix gets pairing through some means of entanglement. Maybe plants use entanglement to allow photosynthesis to chemically create sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
-
- These are possibilities. We have much more to learn about what is going on at the atomic level and below. It effects us mysteriously because we have much more to learn. Stay tuned. An announcement will be made shortly.
-
- November 28, 2019 2502 1229
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/ -- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com
--------------------- Thursday, November 28, 2019 --------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment