-
-
--------------------- 2499 - BIG BANG - first creations?
-
- Today the universe is 3 * 10 ^ 60 Planck time units in age and about 10^ 28 centimeters in diameter. In Planck size units of 10 ^ -33 centimeters it is 10 ^ 61 Planck size units in diameter. Our universe age and size are essentially the same factor, 10^ 61, in Planck units.
-
- The Universe began with mass and energy using four known physical forces:
-
------------------- (1) Gravity
-
------------------- (2) Electromagnetism which holds electrons in orbit about the atom’s nucleus.
-
------------------- (3) Strong nuclear force which holds protons and neutrons together, overpowering the electromagnetic forces inside the nucleus.
-
------------------- (4) Weak nuclear force which controls radioactive decay, example, when a neutron decays into a proton.
-
-
------------------------------------- Relative Strength Particle to Carry Force
-
------------------- (1) Gravity 1 gravitons
-
------------------- (2) Electromagnetism 10 ^ 36 photons
-
------------------- (3) Strong nuclear force 10 ^ 38 gluons
-
------------------- (4) Weak nuclear force 10 ^ 33 weak bosons
-
- At Plank time all four forces were one and the same, but as the Universe cooled from 10 ^ 32 degrees Kelvin to 10 ^ 13 degrees gravity separated from the four forces. Later the strong nuclear, then the weak nuclear separated from electromagnetic force. The four forces came into existence.
-
- The concept of Planck time comes from the German physicists Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck. Born in 1858, the son of a civil law professor, Max graduated from Munich and joined their faculty in 1880.
-
- In 1885 he joined Kiel University in Berlin working in thermodynamics. We was working on the problem of black-body radiation in 1900 when he came up with the concept that light came to us in bundles, or quanta. This concept help him solve the problem in calculating the energy distribution from black-body radiation, explaining why higher frequencies require more energy in order to radiate.
-
- This concept was so profound it has become known as the introduction to modern physics. Up until Max’s quantum of energy, classical physics thought the world was governed by a continuous process, or waves of energy. That thinking would not allow the theories to match the observations.
-
- Sometimes the hardest thing to change is the thinking. Quantum mechanics was launched and Max’s quantum of light later became known as the photon.
-
----------------------- Energy = Planck’s constant * frequency of the radiation.
-
---------------------- Planck’s constant = Energy * time = h = E * t
-
---------------------- Planck’s constant = 6.6256 * 10 ^ -27 erg – seconds
-
- Max doubted himself that this small unit of energy could be so fundamental, even when Albert Einstein used the concept in 1905 in his own discoveries. Max got the Noble prize in 1918 but he was not joyful because World War I claimed his son and two of his daughters died in childbirth.
-
- In 1930 he became president of the Kaiser Wilhelm society of Berlin. He personally went to Hitler on behalf of his Jewish friends. As a result Hitler had him removed as president in 1937.
-
- In World War II his son Erwin was executed for plotting against Hitler. Max was rescued by the American army in 1945 and reinstated as president of the Max Planck Society of Berlin. He still did not know how profound his discoveries were.
-
- Quantum Mechanics now defines the atom as a nucleus with electrons. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Protons are made up of Quarks, two Up Quarks and one Down Quark held together by Gluons ( the Strong Force ).
-
- From Albert Einstein we know that mass and energy are the same thing, where:
-
------------------- Energy = Mass * ( speed of light ) ^ 2
-
------------------- Mass is just energy that slows down enough for us to observe it.
-
- So, before atoms were made up of protons, neutrons and electrons, the Big Bang created these fundamental particles along with the four forces, Neutrinos, Quarks, Muons, Bosons:
-
------------------------------------- Billion Electron-volts
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -12 Neutrino - Electron
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -11 Neutrino - Muon
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -10 Neutrino – Tau
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -3 Electron
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -2.5 Up Quark
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -2 Down Quark
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -1 Muon
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ -1 Strange Quark
-
------------------- Massless 0 Photon
-
------------------- Massless 0 Gluon
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 0 Charm Quark
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 0.2 Tau
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 0.7 Bottom Quark
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 2 Top Quark
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 2 Weak Boson
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 2 Z Boson
-
------------------- Mass 10 ^ 2 Higgs Boson
-
- Those are the fundamental particles and here are the seven ways they can interact with the four forces.
-
- Any Force = mass of any particle * acceleration of the particle induced by the force.
-
------------------------------------------- F = m * a
-
------------------- (1) Electromagetism is produced by the emission, or absorption, of photons by any charged particle, electron, or quark.
-
------------------- (2) The Strong Force ( gluons ) is produced by the emission ,or absorption, of quarks.
-
------------------- (3) The Weak Force ( Weak bosons and Z bosons ) is produced by the emission, or absorption, of quarks, electrons, muons, taus , or neutrinos. The Weak Boson causes the electron to change into an electron-neutrino.
-
------------------- (4) The Weak Force ( Z boson ) is produced by the emission, or absorption, of neutrinos.
-
------------------- (5) Gluons can self interact.
-
------------------- (6) Weak bosons and Z bosons can self interact. Photons can not self interact.
-
------------------- (7) The Electromagnetic Force is produced by the interaction of an electron and a quark with the transfer of a photon.
-
- Everything that happens in our world, except for gravity, is the result of a combination of these seven force interactions with the twelve fundamental particles.
-
- Everything, think about it. They came out of the Big Bang and they make up everything we know today.
-
- November 27, 2019. 2499 6 366
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/ -- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com
--------------------- Wednesday, November 27, 2019 -------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment